Chemical stabilization of medical waste fly ash using chelating agent and phosphates: Heavy metals and ecotoxicity evaluation |
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| Authors: | Tri Padmi Masaru Tanaka Isao Aoyama |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute Technology of Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia;2. Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima Naka, Okayama City 700-8530, Japan;3. Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture 710-0046, Japan;1. B+LABNET Interdepartmental Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy;2. INSTM and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy;1. Laboratory of Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management, Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania P.C. 73100, Greece;2. Division Bridges and Structural Technology/Section Tunnel and Foundation Engineering, Tunnel Operation, Civil Security, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), Bruederstraße 53, P.C. 51427 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany;3. Laboratory of Applied Mineralogy, Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania P.C. 73100, Greece;1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, College of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China;2. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, PR China;3. School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Aucklan, New Zealand;1. Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan;2. Applied Chemistry Course, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Chemical stabilization of heavy metals in medical waste fly ash has been carried out using the following compounds: a chelating agent (Ashnite S803), a commercial acidic phosphoric acid solution (Ashnite R303) as well as basic one (Ashnite R201). In order to predict the leachability of heavy metals, Japanese Leaching Test (JLT-13) procedure was applied to the stabilized fly ash products. An ecotoxicity assessment of the stabilized fly ash products leachate and the unstabilized fly ash leachate was conducted using a battery of bioassays based on lettuce root elongation inhibition, Daphnia magna mortality and Vibrio fischeri photoinhibition. The results showed that the three stabilizing agents were able to significantly decrease (ANOVA, P < 0.05) the concentration of heavy metals in the leachates. Although the leachate from both stabilized and unstabilized fly ash were very toxic to lettuce and daphnids, the incorporation of these stabilizing agents diminished significantly (ANOVA, P < 0.05) the toxicity of the leachates towards the three tested organisms. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the strength of the relationship between chemical elements concentration in the leachate and bioassays results. Most of the heavy metals in the leachate were significantly correlated (ANOVA, P < 0.05) with the toxicity values of the bioassays. However, the correlation was not found between the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the toxicity effect of the leachate to the tested organisms. |
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