Commercial trials evaluating the novel use of ethyl formate for in-transit fumigation of shipping containers |
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| Authors: | E Marco Coetzee James Newman Grey T Coupland Melissa Thomas Johann van der Merwe |
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| Institution: | 1. Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia;2. Chevron Australia, Perth, WA, Australia;3. Chevron Australia, Perth, WA, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Sediment samples from 25 sites in 17 rivers of the Pantanal (Brazil) were analyzed with the objective of evaluating pesticide contamination in sediments. Samples were extracted with an acetone, ethylacetate, and water mixture 2:2:1 (v/v/v). The extract was purified by flash chromatography with aluminum oxide and florisil. A multiresidue gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was applied to monitor 23 pesticides of different chemical classes (organochlorine, organophosphorus, triazines, anilides and pyrethroids) with some of their degradation products. Compounds identified in sediment samples included λ -cyhalothrin (1.0 to 5.0 μ g kg? 1), p,p′-DDT (3.6 μ g kg? 1), deltamethrin (20.0 μ g kg? 1) and permethrin (1.0 to 7.0 μ g kg? 1). |
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| Keywords: | In-transit fumigation fumigant ethyl formate insect pest control worker safety environmental safety |
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