香港城市固体废物系统管理

本文以大量翔实的数据介绍了香港对城市固体废物的系统管理，即分类、收集、监测分析、处理和预测评价。香港环保署自８０ 年代开始对城市固体废物进行监测并系统管理。在全港设置了３ 个大型策略性填埋场、５ 个垃圾转运站、１ 个垃圾焚烧厂（１９９７ 年５ 月关闭） 和１个化学废物处理中心。目前，香港政府正筹建一个新的、技术先进的焚烧厂。从１９８６ ～１９９７年，这些废物处理设施处理全港废物量为８９６０ ～２４３００ｔ／ｄ，其中城市固体废物比例每年不等，最低为３０ ．７ ％ ，最高为６５ ．５ ％ 。１９９７ 年，这些废物中可循环再利用物接近５０ ％ ，出口部分达１２０ 多万吨，回收资金２０ 多亿港元。根据历年来城市固体废物量与本地生产总值（ＧＤＰ）和人口数量的密切相关性，预测出２０１１ 年城市固体废物人均产率为２ ．５６ｋｇ／ 人·ｄ， 城市固体废物量为１２８１０ ｔ／ｄ。城市固体废物系统管理紧迫而重要，香港的经验是值得我们借鉴的。

SYSTEMATIC MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN HONG KONG

The systematic management of municipal solid in Hong Kong was introduced in the paper. The management includes classification, collection, monitoring, disposal and forecast. There are three landfills, five refuse transfer stations, one refuse incineration plant (the plant was decommission on May 1997) and a chemical waste treatment center in Hong Kong. A new incineration plant is in consideration. The total amount of waste disposed of at these waste facilities ranged from 8960 to 24300 t/d from 1986 to 1997. The proportion of municipal solid waste changed from 30.7% to 65.5% in the same period. The proportion of recyclable materials in municipal solid waste was closed to 50 %. The quantity and value of the exported recyclable materials were 1.2 million tons and HK$ 2 billion, respectively. Based on the relationship between municipal solid waste quantity and GDP and population, the forecasts of per capita generation rate and quantity of municipal solid waste in 2011 are 2.56 kg /person/d and 12810 t/d, respectively. It is urgent and important to manage the municipal solid waste systematically.The experience of Hong Kong may be shared by oriental countries, especially China.