餐厨垃圾中典型组分的裂解液化特征研究

利用实验室规模的实验装置管式加热炉进行餐厨垃圾热解实验,实验分析了反应温度对餐厨垃圾热解产物分布的影响,米饭、白菜、猪肉、塑料和纸5种原料在最佳温度下可实现热解油质量产率的最大化,分别为45.02%、24.55%、61.19%、73.77%和24.86%。其中,米饭和白菜热解油含水率较高,可达到30%~40%,将含水率降到15%后,测定热值分别为25.51 MJ/kg和17.75 MJ/kg。塑料和纸混合热解时,塑料热解过程的放热效应可缩小纸的热解温度区间,增加热解油产量。红外光谱分析厨余热解油包含多种含氧有机物。通过气质联用仪(GC-MS)分析塑料热解油和塑料与纸混合热解油在180℃以下蒸馏出的液相产物,主要组分为烷烃和烯烃,从成分和热值分析,与汽油、柴油相近。

Study on pyrolysis liquefaction characteristics of typical components of kitchen trash

An experiment was carried out to dispose kitchen trash by thermal decomposition,using the tube furnace.The effect of temperature on the distribution of pyrolysis products was studied.It shows that the maximum pyrolysis oil yields of rice,cabbage,pork,plastic and paper could be 45.02%,24.55%,61.19%,73.77%and 24.86%respectively at optimal temperatures.The moisture contents of rice and cabbage pyrolysis oil were 30%～40%,and the calorific values were 25.5 1 MJ/kg and 17.75 MJ/kg as the moisture contents decreased to 15%.When the mixture of plastic and paper was pyrolyzed,the exothermic effect from plastic pyrolysis processd could reduce pyrolysis temperature range of paper,increasing the pyrolysis oil production.FTIR analysis indicated that the food waste pyrolysis oil includes a variety of oxy-organics.By means of GC-MS,pyrolysis oil from plastic and mixture of plastic and paper is mainly composed of alkanes and alkenes.The oil is similar to gasoline and diesel by analyzing its composition and calorific value.