水热炭化餐厨垃圾制备纳米铁/炭复合材料

以餐厨垃圾中有机组分作为碳源,通过添加铁盐水热炭化制备铁/炭纳米复合材料。考察了不同铁盐(Fe-SO4,FeCl3,Fe(NO3)3)对餐厨垃圾水热炭化物的形貌,以及氮、磷元素的迁移转化的影响;并研究了负载铁的物理、化学性质。实验结果表明,铁盐在水热炭化过程中促进了餐厨垃圾转化生成多种纳米结构。铁的价态是影响复合物形貌的主要影响因素:三价铁离子对大分子有机物的水解和炭化过程有催化作用,从而促进壳核式结构的纳米线及微米球复合物的生成;而亚铁离子则导致可溶性有机物炭化形成空心纳米球结构。负载铁的化学形态主要受阴离子的影响:硝酸铁体系中铁主要以氢氧化物形式沉积、其他阴离子体系则以磷酸盐为主要形态负载。

Fe/C nano-materials development from kitchen garbage under hydrothermal condition

Various Fe/C nano-structures were successfully developed from kitchen garbage in the presence of different iron salts via hydrothermal carbonization. The effects of iron salts(FeSO₄,FeCl₃,Fe(NO₃)₃)on the morphologies of the carbonaous materials, the transition of nitrogen and phosphorous and the physical and chemical properties of the doped iron were investigated. The results showed that the presence of iron salts could effectively improve the formation of nanostructures. Iron valences greatly affected the type of nano-structures, i.e., ferric ions were effective for catalyzing hydrolysis and carbonization of macromolecules in the kitchen garbage, leading to the formation of shell-core structured nano-wires and microspheres, but ferrous ions promoted the formation of hollow nano-spheres from soluble organics. On the other hand, the chemical species of doped iron were significantly influenced by the anions of the iron salts, e.g., iron mainly precipitated as hydroxides in the ferric nitrate system, but deposited as phosphates in the sulphate and chloride systems.