生物质碳源组合型生态浮床系统脱氮效果研究

利用农业废弃物和水生植物,结合水下空间与水面景观,构建集成脱氮技术的新型立体组合式生态浮床系统用以地表水体中氮的脱除以净化水质。立体生态浮床运行2个月之后的结果显示,NH3-N、TN和CODMn的去除率可分别达到96.77%、95.51%和77.75%,本浮床具有较高脱氮能力,水体净化效果明显;同时,整个生态浮床系统的生物多样性较为丰富,原水分别为Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类的池2和池5中分别鉴定出6种和8种主要氨氧化菌谱带,位于系统中部的玉米芯和稻草表面微生物多样性丰富程度较高;稻草和底泥中氨氧化菌的谱带种类最多。与池2相比,池5中除了存在共有谱带外,还存在特有谱带h和j带,表明可能有特殊氨氧化菌群的存在。本组合型生态浮床具有同步硝化与反硝化作用,利于沉水植物生长,并能促进水生态系统构建。

Study on nitrogen removal effect of biomass carbon release combined ecological floating bed system

Ecological floating bed based on agricultural waste and aquatic plants in combination with underwater space and water landscape was used to remove nitrogen from surface water to improve the water quality. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiencies of NH₃-N, total nitrogen (TN) and COD_Mn were 96.77%,95.51% and 77.75%, respectively, which means the ecological floating bed had the high ability to remove nitrogen and improve water quality obviously. Meanwhile, the diversity of microorganism was relative high in the system, and 6 and 8 species of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were indentified in pool 2 and pool 5 receiving V grade and inferior V grade, respectively. The diversity of microorganism on corncob surface and straw in the middle of the system was higher in the whole system, however,the straw and sediment had the most ammonia-oxidizing bacteria bands species. There are still some other bands such as j and h zone in pool 5 in addition to many similar bands compared with pool 2, which indicated the present of special ammonia oxidizing bacteria. It can be concluded from the present study that nitrification and denitrification can be achieved simultaneously in the ecological floating bed, and ecological floating bed will be helpful to the construction of aquatic ecosystems.