Forensic Analysis of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Plumes in Groundwater: a Multi-Site Perspective |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;2. Department of Civil Building Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;1. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany;2. Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, Wilhelmshaven, Germany;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain;2. Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania;1. Institute of Biology, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, No.8 Shenliao East Road, Shenyang, 110021, China;2. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China;1. CENSE, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;2. CERNAS – Research Center for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Escola Superior Agraria de Coimbra, Instituto Politecnico de Coimbra, Bencanta, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Brovej, Building 117, DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | Forensic analyses of chlorinated hydrocarbon plumes typically entail reviews of site records, flow and transport modeling, and analysis of indicator compounds to gain insights into the behavior of a contaminant plume in the subsurface. Such approaches are directed toward unraveling the specific circumstances associated with the disposal history and hydrogeology of a site. A complimentary approach is to compare the behavior of a particular plume with a population of plumes from other sites that may be influenced by similar mechanisms (e.g. transformation processes such as reductive dehalogenation). In other words, hypotheses pertaining to plume behavior can be tested against a knowledge base of what is typical behavior and what is not. To address this proposed methodology, three example applications of statistical techniques to a multi-site data set are presented to provide background for problems that may be pertinent to forensic analyses. These examples include measuring the frequency of association between selected chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds, assessing the effects of transformation processes on temporal concentration trends in populations of groundwater monitoring wells, and dating plumes, in a relative sense, by concentration correlation analyses. In each case, the results of the statistical analyses are consistent with expectation, indicating that meaningful trends in chlorinated hydrocarbon plume behavior may be discerned from a diverse multi-site data set. |
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