The use of real-time monitoring data to evaluate major sources of airborne particulate matter |
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| Authors: | Stig Hellebust Arnaud Allanic Ian P O'Connor John C Wenger John R Sodeau |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;3. Key Laboratory of Cities'' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMA), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;4. School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China;5. Yantai Oceanic Environmental Monitoring Central Station, SOA, Yantai 264006, China;1. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland;2. University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland;3. Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;4. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80178, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;5. MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;6. Department of Air Hygiene, National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary;7. Epidemiology Department, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy;8. Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain;9. IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain;10. Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany;11. Environmental Science Center, Universität Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany;12. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain;13. Centre for Environmental Policy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;14. Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom;15. School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom;p. Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark;q. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza - CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy;r. Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania;s. School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece;t. Division of Hygiene - Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;u. IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany;v. Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece;w. TNO, Applied Research Organization, The Netherlands;x. Department of Environmental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland;y. Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway;z. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;11. Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;12. Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076, India;13. Air Quality & Sustainable Nanotachnology, IUTA Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V., Duisburg, Germany;14. Regional Reference Centre on Environment and Health, ARPA Emilia Romagna, Modena, Italy;15. Centre for Atmospheric and Instrumentation Research (CAIR), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, United Kingdom;16. French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS), Saint-Maurice Cedex, France;17. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Real-time chemical measurements have been made as part of a field study of air quality in the city and harbour of Cork, Ireland. The data relate to the year 2008, with particular attention paid to the period between May and August. Eight air quality parameters were measured: NO, O3, NO2, SO2, EC, OC, particulate SO42? and PM2.5. The data have been used in a novel way involving wind and temporal averaging, along with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) methodologies to extrapolate major source contributions for PM2.5. It is demonstrated that continuous monitoring of standard air quality parameters, such as NO, NO2, SO2, along with EC, OC and particulate SO42?, can be used to provide relevant, cost-effective initial estimates of source contributions to ambient PM2.5 levels. It is also shown that the benefit of including OC and particulate SO42? in the monitoring protocol is considerable. Three major source groups of ambient PM2.5 mass in Cork were identified and quantified using this combined monitoring and modelling approach; road transport (19%), domestic solid fuel burning (14%) and oil-fired domestic and industrial boilers, including power generation plants (31%). |
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