Global scale emission and distribution of sea-spray aerosol: Sea-salt and organic enrichment |
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| Authors: | E Vignati MC Facchini M Rinaldi C Scannell D Ceburnis J Sciare M Kanakidou S Myriokefalitakis F Dentener CD O'Dowd |
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| Institution: | 1. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute of Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy;2. Instituto di Scienze dell''Atmosfera e del Clima, CNR, Bologna, Italy;3. School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Environmental Change Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland;4. Lab. des Sciences du Climat et de l''Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;5. Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece;1. Physical Oceanography Department, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow, Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland;2. Centre for Polar Studies KNOW (Leading National Research Centre), Bedzinska 60 st., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;1. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA;2. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;3. Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551-0302, USA;4. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA;5. School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;6. Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres / School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA;7. Owlstone Medical Ltd, Cambridge, CB4 0GD, UK;1. Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan;2. School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA;1. Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO-UMR 7294), University of Toulon, France;2. Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO-UMR 7294), University of Aix-Marseille (AMU), France;3. CNR-ISMAR Unit of Genoa, Italy;4. CNR-ISAC Unit of Lecce, Italy;5. TNO The Hague, The Netherlands & Laboratoire de Recherche en Hydrodynamique, Energétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA UMR 6598), Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France |
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| Abstract: | The chemical composition of marine aerosols as a function of their size is an important parameter for the evaluation of their impact on the global climate system. In this work we model fine particle organic matter emitted by sea spray processes and its influence on the aerosol chemical properties at the global scale using the off-line global Chemistry-Transport Model TM5. TM5 is coupled to a microphysical aerosol dynamics model providing size resolved information on particle masses and numbers. The mass of the emitted sea spray particles is partitioned between water insoluble organic matter (WIOM) and sea salt components in the accumulation mode using a function that relates the emitted organic fraction to the surface ocean chlorophyll-a concentrations. The global emission in the sub-micron size range of organic matter by sea spray process is 8.2 Tg yr?1, compared to 24 Tg fine yr?1 sea-salt emissions. When the marine sources are included, the concentrations of modelled primary particulate organic matter (POM) increase mainly over the oceans. The model predictions of WIOM and sea salt are evaluated against measurements carried out at Mace Head (Northern Hemisphere) and Amsterdam Island (Southern Hemisphere), showing that in clean marine conditions WIOM marine emissions contribute significantly to POM values. |
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