Development and application of a Lagrangian model to determine the origins of ozone episodes in the UK |
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| Authors: | J Strong JD Whyatt CN Hewitt RG Derwent |
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| Institution: | 1. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;2. rdscientific, Newbury, Berkshire RG14 6LH, UK;1. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China;2. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China;1. Enviro Nuclear Services, LLC, NV, USA;2. Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;3. Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;1. CNRM-GAME, Météo-France, CNRS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse, France;2. IPSL/LSCE and LISA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;3. EMEP MSC-W, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Bergen, Norway;4. Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden;5. Uni Research, The Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway;6. IPSL/LSCE, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;1. ENVIRON International Corp., Novato, CA, USA;2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes the further development and application of the Edinburgh–Lancaster Model for Ozone (ELMO). We replace straight-line back-trajectories with trajectories and associated meteorology supplied by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) service to allow more realistic modelling of specific UK ozone episodes. We call this ELMO-2. Model performance is rigorously tested against observed ozone concentrations for two episodes recorded across 14 rural UK monitoring stations during the spring and summer of 1995. For both episodes, the afternoon concentrations (usually coinciding with the daily maxima) are captured well by the model and the diurnal ozone cycle is reproduced, although the amplitude in concentrations is generally smaller than the observed. The summer episode is investigated further through indicator species analysis and source attribution, and found to be mainly VOC-limited. European emissions account for the majority of ozone production. We demonstrate how improved modelling leads to better understanding of regional and local ozone production across the UK under episodic conditions. |
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