Strategic guidelines for street canyon geometry to achieve sustainable street air quality |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory for Building Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;2. Chair of Building Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland;1. Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy;2. Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Research Centre, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy;1. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;2. Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Atmospheric Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do 314-701, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;1. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, CA, USA;3. Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;1. AIR&D, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France;2. ICUBE Laboratory, CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France;3. LIVE Laboratory, CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France;1. Building Physics and Services, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;2. Architecture, Built Environment, Construction Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, via Ponzio 31, 20133 Milano, Italy;3. Building Physics Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40 – bus 2447, 3001 Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | This paper is concerned with the motion of air within the urban street canyon and is directed towards a deeper understanding of pollutant dispersion with respect to various simple canyon geometries and source positions. Taking into account the present days typical urban configurations, three principal flow regimes “isolated roughness flow”, “skimming flow” and “wake interference flow” (Boundary Layer Climates, 2nd edition, Methuen, London) and their corresponding pollutant dispersion characteristics are studied for various canopies aspect ratios, namely relative height (h2/h1), canyon height to width ratio (h/w) and canyon length to height ratio (l/h). A field-size canyon has been analyzed through numerical simulations using the standard k-ε turbulence closure model. It is found that the pollutant transport and diffusion is strongly dependent upon the type of flow regime inside the canyon and exchange between canyon and the above roof air. Some rules of thumbs have been established to get urban canyon geometries for efficient dispersion of pollutants. |
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