Air quality and organic compounds in aerosols from a coastal rural area in the Western Iberian Peninsula over a year long period: Characterisation,loads and seasonal trends |
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| Institution: | 1. CESAM & Department of Environment, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;3. Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement, CNRS, France;1. Unit of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;2. School of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, P.O. Box: 170, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq;1. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021 (China);2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China);3. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 (China);4. Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX (UK);5. Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Houghton, MI 49931 (USA);1. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;2. Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi''an 710027, China;3. Environmental Monitoring Center of Fujian, Fuzhou 350003, China;1. Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Athens-Sounio 46.7km, Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece;2. Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat: Expérimentation et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN/IPSL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, UMR 7159, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris CEDEX 05, France;1. Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States;2. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States;3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9, San Francisco, CA, United States;4. National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States |
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| Abstract: | Ambient samples of fine organic aerosol collected from a rural area (Moitinhos) in the vicinity of the small coastal Portuguese city of Aveiro over a period of more than one year have been solvent-extracted and quantitatively characterised by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Particles were also analysed with a thermal-optical technique in order to determine their elemental and organic carbon content. In addition, meteorological sensors and real-time black carbon, ozone and carbon monoxide monitors were used. Particulate matter values were higher than background levels in continental Europe. A patent seasonal variation for organic and elemental carbon concentrations was observed, presumably related to stronger local primary emissions and to limited vertical dispersion. The higher levels were most likely a result of residential wood burning, since black carbon and carbon monoxide maximised during late evening hours in wintertime. Of the bulk of elutable organics, more than a half, on average, was present as acidic fraction. Alcohols, aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons represented together, more than 30% of the elutable mass, also showing a marked seasonal pattern with a minimum in summer and a maximum in winter. The winter increase was more evident for resinic acids, phytosterols, n-alkanoic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
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