Air pollution reduction via use of green energy sources for electricity and hydrogen production |
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| Institution: | 1. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Economics, Department of Foundations of Economic Analysis II, Avenida Lehendakari Aguirre 83, 48015 Bilbao, Spain;2. Bilbao Research in Games Decisions and Economics (BRiDGE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Economics, Avenida Lehendakari Aguirre 83, 48015 Bilbao, Spain;1. Center for Social and Environmental Systems Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;2. Renewable Energy Development Center, Energy Research Institute (ERI), GuoHong Mansion, A11, Muxidibeili, Xicheng District, Beijing 100038, PR China;3. China National Renewable Energy Centre (CNREC), GuoHong Mansion, A11, Muxidibeili, Xicheng District, Beijing 100038, PR China;4. Department of Social Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;1. Systems Analysis Unit, Instituto IMDEA Energía, 28935 – Móstoles, Spain;2. Department of Chemical and Energy Technology, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 – Móstoles, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The implementation of renewable wind and solar energy sources instead of fossil fuels to produce such energy carriers as electricity and hydrogen facilitates reductions in air pollution emissions. Unlike from traditional fossil fuel technologies, air pollution emissions from renewable technologies are associated mainly with the construction of facilities. With present costs of wind and solar electricity, it is shown that, when electricity from renewable sources replaces electricity from natural gas, the cost of air pollution emission abatement is more than ten times less than the cost if hydrogen from renewable sources replaces hydrogen produced from natural gas. When renewable-based hydrogen is used instead of gasoline in a fuel cell vehicle, the cost of air pollution emissions reduction approaches the same value as for renewable-based electricity only if the fuel cell vehicle efficiency exceeds significantly (i.e., by about two times) that of an internal combustion vehicle. The results provide the basis for a useful approach to an optimal strategy for air pollution mitigation. |
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