Simulation of long-range transport of acidic pollutants in East Asia during the Yellow Sand event |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17035, Republic of Korea;2. Korea Polar Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;4. Air Quality Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea;1. School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China;2. Liaoning Science and Technology Center for Ecological and Environmental Protection, Shenyang, 110161, China;3. Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Research in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University, 150086, China;4. Key Lab of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China;1. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53705, USA;2. Environmental Chemistry and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, USA;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, 58554, Republic of Korea;4. Saint Louis University, Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63108, USA |
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| Abstract: | The atmospheric chemical process was simulated using the Carbon Bond 4 (CB-4) model, the aqueous-phase chemistry in Regional Acid Deposition Model and the thermodynamic equilibrium relation of aerosols with the emission inventories of the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research, the database of China and South Korea and the Mesoscale Model version 2 (MM5) meteorological fields to examine the spatial distributions of the acidic pollutant concentrations in East Asia for the case of the long-lasting Yellow Sand event in April 1998. The present models simulate quite well the observed general trend and the diurnal variation of concentrations of gaseous pollutants, especially for O3 concentration. However, the model underestimates SO2 and NOx concentration but overestimates O3 concentration largely due to uncertainty in NOx and VOC emissions. It is found that the simulated gaseous pollutants such as SO2, NOx, and NH3 are not transported far away from the source regions but show significant diurnal variations of their concentrations. However, the daily variations of the concentrations are not significant due to invariant emission rates. On the other hand, concentrations of the transformed pollutants including SO42?, NH4+, and NO3? are found to have significant daily variations but little diurnal variations. The model-estimated deposition indicates that dry deposition is largely contributed by gaseous pollutants while wet deposition of pollutants is mainly contributed by the transformed pollutants. |
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