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Pollution influences on atmospheric composition and chemistry at high northern latitudes: Boreal and California forest fire emissions
Authors:HB Singh  BE Anderson  WH Brune  C Cai  RC Cohen  JH Crawford  MJ Cubison  EP Czech  L Emmons  HE Fuelberg  G Huey  DJ Jacob  JL Jimenez  A Kaduwela  Y Kondo  J Mao  JR Olson  GW Sachse  SA Vay  A Weinheimer  A Wisthaler
Institution:1. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA;2. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA;3. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA;4. California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, USA;5. University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;6. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;7. Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA;8. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA;9. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA;10. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA;11. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;12. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA;13. University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;1. Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;2. Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;3. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Silmäjärventie 2, FI-69100 Kannus, Finland;1. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States;2. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States;3. NASA Langley Research Center, United States;4. GESTAR, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States;5. UMBC, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States;6. NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Division, United States;7. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, United States;8. EPA, Office of Research and Development, United States;9. ESSIC-NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States;10. Maryland Department of the Environment, United States;11. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, United States;1. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India;2. Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;1. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA;3. Department of Atmospheric Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 314-701, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan;3. Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA;4. Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;5. Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Abstract:We analyze detailed atmospheric gas/aerosol composition data acquired during the 2008 NASA ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) airborne campaign performed at high northern latitudes in spring (ARCTAS-A) and summer (ARCTAS-B) and in California in summer (ARCTAS-CARB). Biomass burning influences were widespread throughout the ARCTAS campaign. MODIS data from 2000 to 2009 indicated that 2008 had the second largest fire counts over Siberia and a more normal Canadian boreal forest fire season. Near surface arctic air in spring contained strong anthropogenic signatures indicated by high sulfate. In both spring and summer most of the pollution plumes transported to the Arctic region were from Europe and Asia and were present in the mid to upper troposphere and contained a mix of forest fire and urban influences. The gas/aerosol composition of the high latitude troposphere was strongly perturbed at all altitudes in both spring and summer. The reactive nitrogen budget was balanced with PAN as the dominant component. Mean ozone concentrations in the high latitude troposphere were only minimally perturbed (<5 ppb), although many individual pollution plumes sampled in the mid to upper troposphere, and mixed with urban influences, contained elevated ozone (ΔO3/ΔCO = 0.11 ± 0.09 v/v). Emission and optical characteristics of boreal and California wild fires were quantified and found to be broadly comparable. Greenhouse gas emission estimates derived from ARCTAS-CARB data for the South Coast Air Basin of California show good agreement with state inventories for CO2 and N2O but indicate substantially larger emissions of CH4. Simulations by multiple models of transport and chemistry were found to be broadly consistent with observations with a tendency towards under prediction at high latitudes.
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