Effect of SME biodiesel blends on PM2.5 emission from a heavy-duty engine |
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| Authors: | Jie Zhang Kebin He Xiaoyan Shi Yu Zhao |
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| Institution: | 1. Center of Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic;2. Department of Vehicles and Engines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;3. Technical Faculty, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic;4. Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 2/135, CZ-165 02 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic;5. Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic;1. School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;3. Guy Carpenter Climate Change Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;1. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, 40170290 Salvador-BA, Brazil;2. Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente – CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Canela 40110-040, Salvador-BA, Brazil;3. INCT em Energia e Ambiente, UFBA 40170-290, Salvador-BA, Brazil;4. University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Environmental Health Safety, CA, United States;5. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano, Rodovia Br 101, Km 882, 45995-000, Teixeira de Freitas-BA, Brazil;6. Aerosol Dynamics, Inc, 935 Grayson St, Berkeley, CA, United States;1. Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;2. Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Advanced Technology & Research, Chalmers Teknikpark, SE-412 88 Gothenburg, Sweden;4. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;1. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;3. Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA;4. Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany;5. Institute of Internal Combustion Engines, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany;1. ILAQH and BERF, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;2. Clean Combustion Research Group, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia |
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| Abstract: | To explore the effect of biodiesel and sulfur content on PM2.5 emissions, engine dynamometer tests were performed on a Euro II engine to compare the PM2.5 emissions from four fuels: two petroleum diesel fuels with sulfur contents of 50 and 100 ppm respectively, and two B20 fuels in which soy methyl ester (SME) biodiesel was added to each of the above mentioned petroleum diesel fuels (v/v: 80%/20% for petroleum diesel and SME respectively). Gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 emissions were sampled with an AVL AMA4000 and Model 130 High-Flow Impactor (MSP Corp). Measurements were made of the PM2.5 mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and the water-soluble ion distribution. The results showed that PM2.5 emissions decreased with lower sulfur content or blending with SME biodiesel, and the decrease would be more by applying both two methods together. Particles of approximately 0.13 μm contributed 48–83% of PM2.5 emissions. The impact of sulfur content on this percentage was different for low and high engine speed. The majority of PM2.5 was comprised of OC and EC, and the carbon emission rate had the same trend as PM2.5. Since the EC abatement of B20 was larger than OC, the OC/EC ratio of B20 was always larger than that of petroleum diesel. For petroleum diesel, the OC/EC increased with sulfur content, which was not the case for B20. The SO42? had highest emission rate in the water-soluble ions of PM. |
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