An evaluation of indoor and outdoor biological particulate matter |
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| Authors: | MY Menetrez KK Foarde RK Esch TD Schwartz TR Dean MD Hays SH Cho DA Betancourt SA Moore |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran;2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;3. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran;4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;6. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran;7. Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran;1. Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark;2. International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé 402, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark;3. National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark;4. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;5. Department of Public Health — Section of Environment, Occupation and Health, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;6. Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;1. LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;4. Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China;5. School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China;6. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | The incidences of allergies, allergic diseases and asthma are increasing world wide. Global climate change is likely to impact plants and animals, as well as microorganisms. The World Health Organization, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change cite increased allergic reactions due to climate change as a growing concern. Monitoring of indoor and ambient particulate matter (PM) and the characterization of the content for biological aerosol concentrations has not been extensively performed. Samples from urban and rural North Carolina (NC), and Denver (CO), were collected and analyzed as the goal of this research. A study of PM10 (<10 μm in aerodynamic diameter) and PM2.5 (<2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) fractions of ambient bioaerosols was undertaken for a six month period to evaluate the potential for long-term concentrations. These airborne bioaerosols can induce irritational, allergic, infectious, and chemical responses in exposed individuals. Three separate sites were monitored, samples were collected and analyzed for mass and biological content (endotoxins, (1,3)-β-d-glucan and protein). Concentrations of these bioaerosols were reported as a function of PM size fraction, mass and volume of air sampled. The results indicated that higher concentrations of biologicals were present in PM10 than were present in PM2.5, except when near-roadway conditions existed. This study provides the characterization of ambient bioaerosol concentrations in a variety of areas and conditions. |
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