Ultrafine particle fluxes above four major European cities |
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| Authors: | Claire L Martin Ian D Longley James R Dorsey Rick M Thomas Martin W Gallagher Eiko Nemitz |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Atmospheric Science, Simon Building, Oxford Road, University Of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK;2. NIWA Ltd, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand;3. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) Edinburgh, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK;1. University of Münster, Institute of Landscape Ecology – Climatology, Heisenbergstr. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany;2. University of Bayreuth, BayCEER – Atmospheric Chemistry, Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1-3, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany;1. Remote Sensing Lab, Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, Nikolaou Plastira 100, GR 700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece;2. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056, Basel, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | Little information is known about the behaviour of ultrafine particles (UFP) on a citywide scale. Total particle number flux, dominated by UFP, and other meteorological parameters were collected from tower sites in Manchester, London, Edinburgh and Gothenburg between 1999 and 2006 using the eddy covariance technique. Averaged diurnal cycles were produced for particle number flux, concentration, sensible heat flux, emission velocity, friction velocity, wind speed and temperature. UFP flux cycles showed clear diurnal trends which were linked to traffic activity and local sources. Wind sector analysis showed contributions to flux from local heavily urbanised areas. A simple parameterised model linking UFP flux to traffic activity, sensible heat and friction velocity above the city was produced. |
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