Receptor modeling of source apportionment of Hong Kong aerosols and the implication of urban and regional contribution |
| |
| Authors: | H Guo AJ Ding KL So G Ayoko YS Li WT Hung |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;3. Key Laboratory of Cities'' Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change in Shanghai (CMA), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;4. School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China;5. Yantai Oceanic Environmental Monitoring Central Station, SOA, Yantai 264006, China;1. Huairou Eco-Environmental Observatory, College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. Air Quality Research Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada;4. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;1. Istituto di Scienze dell''Atmosfera e del Clima, ISAC-CNR, Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy |
| |
| Abstract: | Understanding the spatial–temporal variations of source apportionment of PM2.5 is critical to the effective control of particulate pollution. In this study, two one-year studies of PM2.5 composition were conducted at three contrasting sites in Hong Kong from November 2000 to October 2001, and from November 2004 to October 2005, respectively. A receptor model, principal component analysis (PCA) with absolute principal component scores (APCS) technique, was applied to the PM2.5 data for the identification and quantification of pollution sources at the rural, urban and roadside sites. The receptor modeling results identified that the major sources of PM2.5 in Hong Kong were vehicular emissions/road erosion, secondary sulfate, residual oil combustion, soil suspension and sea salt regardless of sampling sites and sampling periods. The secondary sulfate aerosols made the most significant contribution to the PM2.5 composition at the rural (HT) (44 ± 3%, mean ± 1σ standard error) and urban (TW) (28 ± 2%) sites, followed by vehicular emission (20 ± 3% for HT and 23 ± 4% for TW) and residual oil combustion (17 ± 2% for HT and 19 ± 1% for TW). However, at the roadside site (MK), vehicular emissions especially diesel vehicle emissions were the major source of PM2.5 composition (33 ± 1% for diesel vehicle plus 18 ± 2% for other vehicles), followed by secondary sulfate aerosols (24 ± 1%). We found that the contribution of residual oil combustion at both urban and rural sites was much higher than that at the roadside site (2 ± 0.4%), perhaps due to the marine vessel activities of the container terminal near the urban site and close distance of pathway for the marine vessels to the rural site. The large contribution of secondary sulfate aerosols at all the three sites reflected the wide influence of regional pollution. With regard to the temporal trend, the contributions of vehicular emission and secondary sulfate to PM2.5 showed higher autumn and winter values and lower summer levels at all the sites, particularly for the background site, suggesting that the seasonal variation of source apportionment in Hong Kong was mainly affected by the synoptic meteorological conditions and the long-range transport. Analysis of annual patterns indicated that the contribution of vehicular emission at the roadside was significantly reduced from 2000/01 to 2004/05 (p < 0.05, two-tail), especially the diesel vehicular emission (p < 0.001, two-tail). This is likely attributed to the implementation of the vehicular emission control programs with the tightening of diesel fuel contents and vehicular emission standards over these years by the Hong Kong government. In contrast, the contribution of secondary sulfate was remarkably increased from 2001 to 2005 (p < 0.001, two-tail), indicating a significant growth in regional sulfate pollution over the years. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
