聚合酶链反应—变性梯度凝胶电泳技术研究梯田式人工湿地微生物群落动态变化

采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)—变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术对梯田式人工湿地(TTCW)和复合垂直流式人工湿地(IVCW)生活污水处理系统内的微生物群落结构的动态变化及其对生活污水处理效果的影响进行了对比研究。结果表明:(1)TTCW和IVCW对生活污水均具有较好处理效果,其COD去除率平均分别为76.2%和72.6%、TP去除率平均分别为90.7%和85.6%、NH4+-N去除率平均分别为65.2%和58.8%;TTCW增氧作用明显。(2)2种人工湿地内均存在丰富的微生物群落,并均存在共有的微生物种群;在湿地沿程不同位置均存在一定数量的优势种群。(3)TTCW强化了大气复氧能力,使得湿地内DO较相同深度的IVCW的高。TTCW具有较强的污染物去除能力,特别是具有高效的脱氮除磷能力。这种能力可能主要是TTCW中微生物群落结构的变化所致。

Research on microorganism community dynamics in terrace-type constructed wetland by PCR-DGGE

The dynamic changes of microorganism community and its impact on the pollutant removal efficiency in both the terrace-type constructed wetland (TTCW) and integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) trea-ting domestic sewage were investigated by employing polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The results showed that both of TTCW and IVCW presented perfect efficiency of domestic sewage treatment, the average COD removal rate were 76.2% and 72.6%, average TP removal rate were 90.7% and 85.6% average NH_4~+-N removal rate were 65.2% and 58.8%, respectively. More oxygen was produced in TTCW. There were various microorganisms were found in TTCW and IVCW, and some kinds of common microorganisms shared in both the wetland systems, the dominant and functional microorganism community changed along the direction of water flow. TTCW enhanced the reoxygen capacity of atmosphere, therefore the concentration of dissolved oxygen in TTCW were higher than that in IVCW of the same depth. TTCW showed strong capability of pollutant removal, especially for nitrogen and phosphor removal, this might caused by the variation of microorganism community in TTCW.