The variation of street air levels of PAH and other mutagenic PAC in relation to regulations of traffic emissions and the impact of atmospheric processes |
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Authors: | Torben Nielsen Anders Feilberg Mona-Lise Binderup |
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Institution: | 1. PBK 313, Rise National Laboratory, P. O. Box 49, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark 2. Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, M?rkh?j Bygade 19, DK-2860, S?borg, Denmark
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Abstract: | The occurrence of particle associated PAH and other mutagenic PAC was determined in 1996 in the street air of Copenhagen.
In addition, particle extracts were tested for mutagenicity. The measurements were compared with previous measurements in
1992/1993. The levels had decreased in this period. The decrease was caused by an implementation of light diesel fuels for
buses and the exchange of older petrol-driven passenger cars with catalystequipped new ones. About 65% of the reduction was
caused by the application of the light diesel fuels. Under special conditions, chemical processes in the atmosphere produced
many more mutagens than the direct emissions. The concentrations of S-PAC and N-PAC were 10 times lower than those of PAH,
while the levels of oxy-PAH were in the same order of magnitude as those of PAH. Benzanthrone, an oxy-PAH, is proposed to
be formed in the atmosphere in addition to direct emissions. Benzo(a)pyrene, often applied as an air quality criteria indicator,
was photochemically degraded in the atmosphere. A strong increase in the mutagenic activities was observed to coincide with
a depletion of benzo(a)pyrene. |
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Keywords: | Atmosphere benzanthrone benzo(a)pyrene catalyst city degradation diesel formation mutagenic activity PAC PAH petrol processes regulations Salmonella test street traffic transport vehicle |
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