Accumulation and Chemical Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Andisols after a Different, 6-year Fertilization Management (8 pp) |
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Authors: | Bingzi ZHAO Morihiro Maeda Jiabao Zhang Anning Zhu Yasuo Ozaki |
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Institution: | State Experimental Station for Agro-Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China. bzhao@mail.issas.ac.cn |
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Abstract: | Goal, Scope and Background Andisols are widespread in Japan and have some special properties such as high anion exchange capacity, low bulk density,
and high organic matter content, which might influence the accumulation or chemical fractionation of heavy metals. However,
few such data exist in Japanese andisols. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the distribution and chemical
fractions of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the soil profiles and subsequently to assess their potential environmental hazard.
Materials and Methods Soil samples were taken from a field experiment conducted on Japanese andisols, which had received either swine compost or
chemical fertilizers for 6 years. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr were determined for all of the obtained extract solutions
by ICP-AES.
Results and Discussion Considerably higher total concentrations of Cu and Zn were observed in the top 20 cm layer of the compost-amended soil, relative
to the unfertilized soil, while chemical fertilizers had little effect. Application of the swine compost increased the concentrations
of Cu and Zn, but not Ni and Cr, in all fractions in the top 20 cm layer. The greatest increase in the organically bound fraction
(OM) Cu and dilute acid-exchangeable fraction (DAEXCH) Zn was observed. This suggests that Cu and Zn are potentially bioavailable
and mobile in the andisol profiles after 6-year consecutive applications of the swine compost. On the other hand, distribution
of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr among various soil fractions was generally unaffected by chemical fertilizers.
Conclusions We observed that 6-year consecutive applications of the swine compost led to an increase in total metals of Cu and Zn, as
well as their all-chemical fractions, in the top 20 cm soil layers. Potential hazard of heavy metals, especially of Cu and
Zn, as a result of the use of swine compost on andisols, must be taken into account.
Recommendations and Outlook The long-term effect of the accumulation of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn, in various plant tissues and soils, as
well as their potential risk to surface water via runoff and groundwater via leaching, needs to be carefully considered. Further
investigations in the long-term experiments are therefore necessary.
- Abbreviations. EXCH, exchangeable fraction of metals; DAEXCH, dilute acid-exchangeable fraction of metals; FeMnOX, iron and
manganese-oxide-bound fraction; OM, organically-bound fraction; RESD, residual fraction. COMPOST, SRNF, RANF, and CONTROL
stand for compost (from swine wastes), slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (coated urea), readily available nitrogen fertilizer
(including NH4-N, P, and K fertilizers), and no fertilizer application, respectively. |
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Keywords: | andisols heavy metals accumulation fertilization fractionation of Cu Zn Ni Cr soils |
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