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Urinary concentrations of organophosphorus insecticide metabolites in Japanese workers
Authors:Ueyama Jun  Saito Isao  Kondo Takaaki  Taki Tomoko  Kimata Akiko  Saito Shun  Ito Yuki  Murata Katsuyuki  Iwata Toyoto  Gotoh Masahiro  Shibata Eiji  Wakusawa Shinya  Kamijima Michihiro
Institution:a Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
b Food Safety and Quality Research Center, Tokai COOP Federation, Nagakute 480-1103, Japan
c Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
d Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
e Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065, Japan
f Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
Abstract:A recent development in analytical chemistry has enabled us to monitor systemic organophosphorus insecticide (OP) exposure at individual levels. At present, however, limited data are currently available on urinary OP metabolite levels worldwide. The purpose of this study was to assess urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) concentrations in Japanese workers. Urine samples were collected in both summer and winter from 339 Japanese adults who worked as food distributors (FDs, n = 164), apple farmers (AFs, n = 147) and pest control operators (PCOs, n = 28). DAPs were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after derivatization with pentafluorobenzylbromide. Dimethylphosphate (DMP), diethylphosphate (DEP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) and diethylthiophosphate (DETP) were detected in the urine of over 87% of the studied populations in both seasons. The geometric mean values of total DAPs (nmol g−1 creatinine), DMP, DMTP, DEP and DETP (μg g−1 creatinine) in summer and winter were 106.7 and 98.3, 7.0 and 3.8, 3.4 and 4.5, 0.8 and 1.5, and 0.3 and 0.2 for the FDs, 440.8 and 197.7, 33.1 and 10.8, 10.1 and 5.8, 4.2 and 4.7 and 1.6 and 0.8 for the AFs, and 473.4 and 284.6, 28.9 and 22.2, 17.6 and 4.6, 3.5 and 4.4, and 0.5 and 0.6 for the PCOs, respectively, thereby revealing significantly higher concentrations in AFs and PCOs groups than in the FDs in both seasons except for winter DMTP. These DAP concentrations were approximately the same or at lower levels compared with those reported in the previous literature. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate urinary DAP concentrations in Japanese adults.
Keywords:Organophosphorus insecticide  Dialkylphosphate  Occupational exposure  Biomonitoring
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