Reduction of pharmaceutically active compounds by a lagoon wetland wastewater treatment system in Southeast Louisiana |
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| Institution: | 1. Wetland and Aquatic Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, 3239 Energy Coast and Environment Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;2. Worsfold Water Quality Centre, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 7B8;1. Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;2. Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (Irstea), 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes CS 10030, F92761 Antony Cedex, France;3. L''UNAM Université, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, CNRS, GEPEA UMR 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, F-44307 Nantes, France;1. Laboratory of Industrial Water and Ecotechnology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5, Kortrijk 8500, Belgium;2. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium;3. The Institute of Environmental Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str. 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany;4. Rietland BVBA, Van Aerselaerstraat 70, Minderhout 2322, Belgium;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore;2. NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, 117411, Singapore;1. College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China;3. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;4. National Engineering Laboratory of Coal-Fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China;1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore;2. Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore;3. Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore;4. Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China;5. Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, 637141, Singapore;6. Maritime Research Centre, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore;1. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;2. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Centre for Environmental Biotechnology (UBZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | A number of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have been detected in the aquatic environment as a result of discharges of municipal wastewater. In the state of Louisiana, USA, many municipalities treat wastewater using natural systems, such as lagoons and wetlands, rather than conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Nearly all research to date has focused on the fate of PhACs in conventional treatment plants, not constructed and natural wetlands. In the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for Mandeville, Louisiana, USA, wastewater flows of 7600 m3 d?1 are treated in a series of aeration lagoons (basins), followed by a constructed wetland and UV disinfection, before being discharged into a natural forested wetland (i.e. Bayou Chinchuba) and eventually, Lake Pontchartrain. Thirteen out of the 15 PhACs investigated were detected in the wastewater inflow to the treatment plant. Only 9 of the 13 compounds were above the detection limits at the treatment plant effluent. The concentrations of most compounds were reduced by greater than 90% within the plant, while carbamazepine and sotalol were only reduced by 51% and 82%, respectively. The percent reductions observed in the Mandeville system were greater than reduction rates reported for conventional WWTPs; perhaps due to the longer treatment time (～30 days). Most target PhACs were not completely removed before discharge into Lake Pontchartrain, although their collective annual loading was reduced to less than 1 kg and down to ppb with significant potential for dilution in the large lake. |
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