PBDE flame retardants and PCBs in migrating Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada |
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Authors: | Alava Juan José Lambourn Dyanna Olesiuk Peter Lance Monique Jeffries Steven J Gobas Frank A P C Ross Peter S |
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Institution: | a School of Resource and Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6 b Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, 9860 West Saanich Road, P.O. Box 6000 Sidney, BC, Canada V8L 4B2 c Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, (Marine Mammal Investigations, Wildlife Program), 7801 Phillips Road S.W., Lakewood, WA 98498-6345, USA d Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, BC, Canada V9T 6N7 |
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Abstract: | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in blubber biopsy samples from 22 live-captured Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) that had just entered the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada, for their overwintering feeding season. ∑PBDE ranged from 50 μg kg−1 (lipid weight) in adult females to 3780 μg kg−1 in subadult individuals. ∑PCBs ranged from 272 μg kg−1 in adult females to 14 280 μg kg−1 in subadult individuals. While most PBDE and PCB congeners were transferred through milk to pups, PCBs with log KOW > 7.0 (PCBs 206, 207, 208 and 209) appeared constrained, resulting in a lighter mixture in pups compared to adult females. The ratio of individual PCB congeners by metabolic group (Groups I, II, III, IV and V) to PCB-153 regressed against length of males suggested poor biotransformation of these compounds (slopes did not differ from zero, p > 0.05). PBDE congeners 49, 99, 153 and 183 appeared bioaccumulative (slopes of ratio BDE/PCB 153 versus length were higher than zero, p < 0.05), but the dominance of the single congener, BDE-47 (64% of total PBDEs), likely due in part to debromination pathways, reduced our ability to explore congener-specific dynamics of PBDEs in these pinnipeds. With 80% of our Steller sea lions exceeding a recent toxicity reference value for PCBs, the fasting-associated mobilization of these contaminants raises concerns about a heightened vulnerability to adverse effects during annual migrations. |
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Keywords: | Steller sea lions PBDEs PCBs Maternal transfer Metabolism Bioaccumulation |
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