Relationship between occupational social class and exposure to organochlorine pesticides during pregnancy |
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Authors: | Freire Carmen Amaya Esperanza Fernández Mariana F González-Galarzo M Carmen Ramos Rosa Molina-Molina Jose M Arrebola Juan P Olea Nicolas |
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Institution: | a Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Madrid s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain b Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP), Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain c Centre for Research in Occupational Health (CiSAL), Parc de Recerca Biomédica de Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain |
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Abstract: | BackgroundLittle evidence is available on the influence of socioeconomic factors on exposure to persistent organic pollutants, especially during vulnerable periods such as pregnancy and early life.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of maternal social class with placental concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and their combined estrogenic activity measured with a biomarker of exposure.MethodsExposure to 16 OCPs (DDTs, endosulfans, and seven other compounds) and the total effective xenoestrogenic burden (TEXB) were analyzed in placentas from a mother-child cohort. OCP concentrations were quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and TEXB was assessed with the E-Screen bioassay. Social class was classified according to maternal occupation. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to examine variations in pesticide exposure and TEXB as a function of maternal social class in 257 subjects.ResultsPlacental p,p′-DDT concentrations were higher in social classes III and IV than in classes I-II (the most affluent); concentrations of the sum of DDTs were higher in class IV; and exposure to the sum of endosulfans was greater in class III. HCB concentrations were higher among women in class IV than in classes I-II and among manual (classes III-V) than non-manual workers. However, the trend across social classes was only statistically significant for HCB. Social class significantly explained 10% of the variability in concentrations of the sum of endosulfans.ConclusionThere is a need to explore whether more disadvantaged populations suffer higher levels of exposure to pesticides or other environmental chemicals and how different social processes contribute to this exposure. |
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Keywords: | Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) Occupational social class Pregnancy Total effective xenoestrogenic burden (TEXB) |
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