Pulsed discharge plasma induced Fenton-like reactions for the enhancement of the degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water

To sufficiently utilize chemically active species and enhance the degradation rate and removal efficiency of toxic and biorefractory organic pollutant para-chlorophenol (para-CP), the introductions of iron metal ions (Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺) into either pulsed discharge plasma (PDP) process or the PDP process with TiO₂ photo-catalyst were tentatively performed. The experimental results showed that under the same experimental condition, the degradation rate and removal efficiency of para-CP were greatly enhanced by the introduction of iron ions (Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺) into the PDP process. Moreover, when iron ions and TiO₂ were added together in the PDP process, the degradation rate and removal energy of para-CP further improved. The possible mechanism was discussed that the obvious promoting effects were attributed to ferrous ions via plasma induced Fenton-like reactions by UV light irradiation excited and hydrogen peroxide formed in pulsed electrical discharge, resulting in a larger amount of hydroxyl radicals produced from the residual hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the regeneration of ferric ions to ferrous ions facilitates the progress of plasma induced Fenton-like reactions by photo-catalytic reduction of UV light, photo-catalytic reduction on TiO₂ surface and electron transfer of quinone intermediates, i.e. 1,4-hydroquinone and 1,4-benzoquinone.