Use of native mosses as biomonitors of heavy metals and nitrogen deposition in the surroundings of two steel works |
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| Authors: | L González-Miqueo D Elustondo E Lasheras JM Santamaría |
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| Institution: | 1. Área de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;2. School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Deniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL572UN, United Kingdom;1. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK;2. Environmental Agency of Bolzano, Laives, Italy;3. International Sakharov Environmental University, Minsk, Belarus;4. National Botanical Garden, Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine;5. Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania;6. Environment Agency, Argir, Faroe Islands;7. Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Tervuren, Belgium;8. Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania;9. University of Santiago de Compestela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;10. University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain;11. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation;12. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland;13. Jo?ef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia;14. University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania;15. Muséum National d''Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France;p. Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn, Estonia;q. Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Iceland;r. Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia;s. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden;t. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Oulu Research Unit, Oulu, Finland;u. University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain;v. Slovenian Forestry Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia;w. Oikon Ltd., Institute for Applied Ecology, Zagreb, Croatia;x. Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia;y. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway;z. Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania;11. Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic;12. FUB-Research Group for Environmental Monitoring, Rapperswil, Switzerland;13. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Baia Mare, Romania;14. Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria;15. University of Vienna, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Vienna, Austria;1. Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China;1. School of Marine Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Altamirano 1480, 2340000, Valparaíso, Chile;2. Ecology Unit, Dept. Functional Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Fac. Biología, Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;2. Center for Risk Analysis, Kiryat Ono 5556022, Israel;1. Department of Geobotany, University of Trier, Behringstr. 21, D-54296 Trier, Germany;2. Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, PO Box 1553, D-49356 Vechta, Germany |
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| Abstract: | A biomonitoring survey using the moss species Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. was conducted in the surroundings of two steel plants located in the North of Spain. Levels of V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb and N were determined. Very high concentrations in the areas of study were detected when compared to nearby unaffected regions. Similar trends were observed for all the elements in the differently orientated transects, showing an appreciable influence of the NW prevailing winds of the region in the dispersion of pollutants, as well as a clear decreasing gradient in the concentrations of metals in mosses within a distance of 1500 meters from the facilities. A differentiation between the elements emitted by the chimney as result of the industrial activity (V, Cr, Ni, Cu and As) and those with a high presence in steel slag deposits (Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb) was observed. The range of contamination was also established by means of the Contamination Factor, indicating a category 4 out of 6 categories, which shows the high levels reported in the areas of study. A different dynamic was registered for nitrogen regarding the rest of the heavy metals analysed except for Hg, probably due to the elevated volatility and mobility of both elements, as well as their high persistence in the atmosphere. |
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