|
|||||
|
|
Reduction of Baltic Sea Nutrient Inputs and Allocation of Abatement Costs Within the Baltic Sea Catchment |
|
| Authors: | Fredrik Wulff Christoph Humborg Hans Estrup Andersen Gitte Blicher-Mathiesen Miko?aj Czajkowski Katarina Elofsson Anders Fonnesbech-Wulff Berit Hasler Bongghi Hong Viesturs Jansons Carl-Magnus Mörth James C R Smart Erik Smedberg Per Stålnacke Dennis P Swaney Hans Thodsen Adam Was Tomasz ?ylicz |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Baltic Nest Institute (BNI), Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden 7. Department of Applied Environmental Science and Baltic Nest Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden 2. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark 3. Warsaw Ecological Economics Center, University of Warsaw, Dluga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland 4. Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden 5. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark 6. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA 8. Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Management, Latvia University of Agriculture, 19 Akademijas Str., Jelgava, 3001, Latvia 9. Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden 10. Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, South Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia 11. Baltic Nest Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden 12. Department of Water Quality and Hydrology, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk), 1432, ?s, Norway 13. Institute of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark 14. Faculty of Economic Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Dluga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland 15. Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Dluga 44/50, 00-241, Warsaw, Poland |
| Abstract: | The Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) requires tools to simulate effects and costs of various nutrient abatement strategies. Hierarchically connected databases and models of the entire catchment have been created to allow decision makers to view scenarios via the decision support system NEST. Increased intensity in agriculture in transient countries would result in increased nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea, particularly from Poland, the Baltic States, and Russia. Nutrient retentions are high, which means that the nutrient reduction goals of 135 000 tons N and 15 000 tons P, as formulated in the BSAP from 2007, correspond to a reduction in nutrient loadings to watersheds by 675 000 tons N and 158 000 tons P. A cost-minimization model was used to allocate nutrient reductions to measures and countries where the costs for reducing loads are low. The minimum annual cost to meet BSAP basin targets is estimated to 4.7 billion €. |
| Keywords: | Nutrient reduction Nitrogen Phosphorus Retention Management Cost minimization |
| 本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录！ | |