Residential Indoor,Outdoor, and Workplace Concentrations of Carbonyl Compounds: Relationships with Personal Exposure Concentrations and Correlation with Sources |
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| Authors: | Jouni A Jurvelin Rufus D Edwards Matti Vartiainen Pertti Pasanen Matti J Jantunen |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Environmental Health , National Public Health Institute , Kuopio , Finland;2. School of Engineering and Technology , Jyv?skyl? Polytechnic, Jyv?skyl? , Finland jouni.jurvelin@jypoly.fi;4. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health , University of California , Berkeley , California , USA;5. Product Registration Unit , National Product Control Agency for Welfare and Health , Tampere , Finland;6. Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Kuopio , Kuopio , Finland;7. Division of Environmental Health , National Public Health Institute , Kuopio , Finland |
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| Abstract: | Abstract Personal 48-hr exposures of 15 randomly selected participants as well as microenvironment concentrations in each participant’s residence and workplace were measured for 16 carbonyl compounds during summer–fall 1997 as a part of the Air Pollution Exposure Distributions within Adult Urban Populations in Europe (EXPOLIS) study in Helsinki, Finland. When formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were excluded, geometric mean ambient air concentrations outside each participant’s residence were less than 1 ppb for all target compounds. Geometric mean residential indoor concentrations of carbonyls were systematically higher than geometric mean personal exposures and indoor workplace concentrations. Additionally, residential indoor/outdoor ratios indicated substantial indoor sources for most target compounds. Carbonyls in residential indoor air correlated significantly, suggesting similar mechanisms of entry into indoor environments. Overall, this study demonstrated the important role of non-traffic-related emissions in the personal exposures of participants in Helsinki and that comprehensive apportionment of population risk to air toxics should include exposure concentrations derived from product emissions and chemical formation in indoor air. |
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