三氯乙醛对土壤-植物系统的污染研究

本研究进行了大量室内外试验和污染实例考察。首先研究了三氯乙醛在土壤环境中的消失和转化规律。发现三氯乙醛在土壤中经微生物作用能转化为三氯乙酸,后者在土壤中有1—3个月持留期,在土壤中三氯乙醛消失后(一般在几天内消失),三氯乙酸成为主要毒害物质。其次研究了三氯乙醛在植物体内的主要代谢产物及其对植物生长的影响。采用衍生物色谱法和气相色谱—质谱联用分析证明三氯乙酸是主要代谢产物。三氯乙酸能富集在植物体内并使之产生枯萎或生长畸形等症状。找出了三氯乙醛和三氯乙酸在植株体内的转化规律,解释了二者单独作用于植物时某些症状相似的原因。此外,还获得了有关三氯乙醛对小麦等作物的致害浓度资料和毒害症状的图谱照片。本工作首次阐明了三氯乙醛对土壤—植物体系的污染规律,为鉴别污染事故和防治提供了科学依据。

STUDY OF CHLORAL POLLUTION ON SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM

Transformation and fate of chloral in soil environment have been studied. Results show that under the microbial action in soil, chloral may be spontaneously transformed into trichloroacetic acid TCA, which can remain in soil for 1-3 months, while chloral usually disappears in a few days.The metabolites in plant body and their effect on plant growth have been studied by using derivative-chromatograph and GC-MS. Evidently trichloroacetic acid itself is the ma or metabolic product, which can bioaccumulate in the plant body, and makes the plant withered or showing teratogenic symptoms. It was found that chloral can be also transformed into trichloracetic acid in a plant dody. This explains the fact that either of the two can produce the similar toxic effects.In addition, information on lethal concentration and photographs of damage effect of chloral on wheat and other crops are given in this article.