海峡西岸地区人为源大气污染物排放特征研究

采用以"自下而上"为主的方法建立了2007年海峡西岸地区的人为源大气污染物排放清单.计算结果显示,海西地区人为源SO2、NOx、CO、PM10、PM2.5、VOCs和NH3排放总量分别为69.5×104、96.1×104、413.1×104、93.9×104、40.6×104、85.0×104和28.5×104t.电厂和工业燃烧设施分别占SO2排放的48%和39%,以及NOx排放的51%和25%.水泥、砖瓦等制造过程贡献了约51%的PM10排放和36%的PM2.5排放.秸秆燃烧、加油站和涂料等VOCs面源分别占到其排放总量的27%、15%和4%.NH3的主要排放源为畜禽养殖和氮肥施用等农业部门,占到总排放量的89%.海西地区的单位面积大气污染物排放量仅相当于长三角地区的25%左右,略高于全国平均水平.该地区人为源和天然源VOCs排放比重分别占56%和44%,人为源VOCs排放比重低于全国大部分地区.海西大气污染高排放地区主要集中在沿海一带,以泉州、潮汕、福州和温州等地区为主,建议"十二五"发展过程中,重点关注上述高排放地区,限制重点排放源的发展,开发低耗能、低污染的发展模式.

Development of an anthropogenic air pollutant emission inventory of the West Coast of Taiwan Strait

An anthropogenic air pollutant emission inventory of the West Coast of Taiwan Strait was established based on a "bottom-up" method for the year of 2007. The results showed that SO₂,NO_x,CO,PM₁₀,PM_2.5,VOCs and NH₃ emissions of the region were 69.5×10⁴, 96.1×10⁴, 413.1×10⁴, 93.9×10⁴, 40.6×10⁴, 85.0×10⁴ and 28.5×10⁴ tons, respectively. Power plants and industrial combustion facilities accounted for 48% and 39% of SO₂ emissions and 51% and 25% of NO_x emissions, respectively. Non-metal manufacturing process such as cement and brick production contributed to 51% of the PM₁₀ emissions and 36% of PM_2.5 emissions. Biomass burning and VOCs fugitive emissions from gas station and paint use contributed to 27%, 15% and 4% of the VOCs emissions, respectively. Agricultural sector, including livestock and fertilizer utilization, accounted for 89% of the total NH₃ emissions. The emission intensity (emissions per unit area) in this region was only about 25% of that of the Yangtze River Delta, and slightly higher than the national average. The anthropogenic and biogenic sources accounted for 56% and 44% of the total VOCs emissions, respectively. The proportion of anthropogenic VOCs emissions was relatively lower than most region of China. The high emission area in the West Coast of Taiwan Strait was mainly concentrated along the coast, including the cities of Quanzhou, Chaoshan, Fuzhou, Wenzhou and so on. Based on the emission level of this region, we suggest that greater attention should be paid in the high emission area, and high emission sources should be restricted. The government needs to explore a low energy consumption and low pollution development mode in the future.