城镇生活污染排放系数调查与核算——以常州市为例

污染物排放系数的确定是准确核算城镇生活污染物数量的基本前提和重要保证.以太湖流域上游、经济发达的常州市为例,借助问卷访谈与实地监测等手段,调查与核算经济发达地区城镇居民生活污水排放特点,并解析其影响因素及机理.结果表明:受地区差异的影响,常州市城镇居民生活污染排放系数低于国家污染源普查核定系数;家庭规模、收入水平、文化程度和年龄结构是污染物排放系数的关键影响因素.其中,年龄结构对NH+4-N、TP排放系数的影响最大,年龄结构和收入水平是TN排放系数的关键影响因素,文化程度与COD排放系数的关联性最强.但环保意识对污染排放系数的影响不显著,主要作用仅表现在用水量的节约,而对水质的保护并不显著.

Investigation and calculation of sewage discharge coefficient of urban domestic pollution: A case study in Changzhou City

Sewage discharge coefficient is the prerequisite for estimating the amount of urban domestic pollutants. Taking Changzhou, a fast developing city in the upstream of Taihu Lake basin as the study area, this paper investigated and calculated the characteristics of urban domestic sewage. The influencing factors and mechanism were studied by means of questionnaire interview and sample monitoring. The result showed that urban domestic emissions coefficient in Changzhou was lower than the national pollution census approved coefficients due to the regional differences. Moreover, household size, income level, educational degree and age structure were the key factors of pollutant emission coefficients. Age structure has the greatest impact on the emission coefficient of NH⁺₄-N and TP, while age structure and income level were critical factors of TN. Moreover, the relationship between educational level and discharge coefficient of COD was the strongest. It was also found that the impact of environmental awareness on discharge coefficient was not significant because water conservation played a major role while protection of water quality was largely ignored.