陕西秦岭南麓区域发展与生态效率变动研究

分析区域社会经济发展与环境的生态效率关系,描述区域发展对生态环境资源消耗和占用状况,揭示导致生态变化的重要因素,有助于为区域可持续发展政策提出奠定基础.通过对陕西秦岭南麓区域发展与生态足迹影响因素的差异性分析以及区域内2005—2014年城市发展指数CDI和生态足迹EF的测算,分析陕南三市CDI、EF和生态效率的年际变化趋势及相互影响关系.研究表明:陕南三市CDI和人均EF均呈现不断增长态势,2005—2014年,汉中市、安康市、商洛市CDI分别增长34.99%、42.91%、33.39%;人均EF分别增长66.59%、73.59%、67.04%.结果显示,陕南三市生态效率呈现先升后降的趋势,环境效率年际变化波动较大.资源效率是导致陕南三市生态效率波动变化的主要因素,与生态效率的变化趋势基本一致.化石能源消耗和建设用地占用不断增长是导致资源效率降低的主要原因.陕西秦岭南麓区域社会经济发展能力逐步增强,但资源的高消耗和占用使生态环境压力持续增大,发展循环经济、开发生态旅游等成为政策着力点.

Regional development and change of eco-efficiency in the southern Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi

In this study, the relationship between eco-efficiency of the environment and regional socio-economic development was analyzed, the regional development to the ecological resource consumption and occupancy status was described, the main factors of changes were revealed, and suggestions were proposed for regional sustainable development. By analyzing regional development and influential factors of ecological footprint and calculating the city development index and ecological footprint in Shaanxi Qinling Mountains from 2005 to 2014, we analyzed the change trend and mutual influence relationship of the urban development index, ecological footprint and eco-efficiency in Hanzhong, Ankang, Shangluo, the three cities in southern Shaanxi. It was shown that the development index and per capita ecological footprint in the three cities increased by 34.99%, 42.91% and 33.39% and 66.59%, 73.59% and 67.04%, respectively, from 2005 to 2014. Eco-efficiency of the three cities revealed an overall increasing trend with an initial drop, while environmental efficiency showed significant annual variability. Resource efficiency was a major factor leading to the fluctuation. Increasing fossil energy consumption and construction land occupation were the main reasons for reducing resource efficiency. Regional socio-economic development increased gradually, but high resource consumption and occupancy led to continuously increasing environmental pressure. Development of recycling economy and eco-tourism should be of high priority in future policy-making.