石家庄市水环境中喹诺酮类抗生素的空间分布特征与环境风险评估

随着社会经济的发展,大量含有抗生素的废水未经有效处理排放到水环境中,加剧了城市水环境中抗生素的污染.本研究以石家庄市地表水和地下水为研究对象,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS)分析了石家庄水环境中喹诺酮类(Quinolones,QNs)抗生素的空间分布特征,并采用风险熵值法(RQ)评估了石家庄市水环境中QNs的生态风险和健康风险.结果表明:1在石家庄市河流和水库中,QNs抗生素的浓度分别为98.43~4398.00 ng·L^-1和9.99~49.24 ng·L^-1,恩诺沙星(Enrofloxacin,ENR)和依诺沙星(Enoxacin,ENO)分别是河流和水库中主要的QNs抗生素;2在石家庄市地下水中,QNs抗生素的浓度为3.45~15.41 ng·L^-1;3相关分析结果表明,在地表水中氧氟沙星(Ofloxacin,OFL)、诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin,NOR)、恩诺沙星(Enrofloxacin,ENR)、双氟沙星(Difloxacin,DIF)、沙氟沙星(Sarafloxacin,SAR)、恶喹酸(Oxolinic Acid,OXO)和氟甲喹(Flumequine,FLU)与温度(T)和总溶解性固体颗粒物(TDS)呈显著相关(p<0.01),而ENO与pH显著相关(p<0.01);在地下水中吡哌酸(Pipemidic Acid,PIP)和马波沙星(Marbofloxacin,MAR)与T显著相关;4地表水中QNs与地下水中QNs的相关性不显著,表明石家庄市地下水中QNs的主要来源不是地表水;5生态风险结果表明,石家庄市地表水中QNs总体处于高风险水平,而地下水QNs整体处于中低风险水平;6人体健康风险结果表明,石家庄市水环境中QNs抗生素的健康风险较低.总体来说,石家庄市水环境中QNs污染在地表水中更为严峻,而石家庄地表水中QNs浓度最高的区域为汪洋沟.

The characteristics of spatial distribution and environmental risk assessment for Quinolones antibiotics in the aquatic environment of Shijiazhuang City

With the development of society and economy, a large amount of wastewater containing antibiotics was discharged into the urban aquatic environment without effective treatment, which caused the pollution of antibiotics in the urban aquatic environment. The surface water and groundwater in Shijiazhuang city was selected as the research objects, the spatial distribution characteristics of Quinolones (QNs) antibiotics were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), and the ecological and health risks of QNs in Shijiazhuang aquatic environment were evaluated by risk quotient method (RQ). The results showed that: 1for the rivers and reservoirs, the concentration of QNs ranged from 98.43 to 4398.00 ng·L^-1 and from 9.99 to 49.24 ng·L^-1, and the main kind of QNs were Enrofloxacin (ENR) and Enoxacin (ENO), respectively; 2for the groundwater, the concentration of QNs ranged from 3.45 to 15.41 ng·L^-1; 3through correlation analysis, the results indicated that Ofloxacin (OFL), Norfloxacin (NOR), ENR, Difloxacin (DIF), Sarafloxacin (SAR), Oxolinic Acid (OXO) and Flumequine (FLU) showed significant correlation with T and TDS in surface water, and the correlation was significant between ENO and pH; while in the groundwater, Pipemidic Acid (PIP) and Marbofloxacin (MAR) were significantly correlated with T; 4the correlation of QNs between surface water and groundwater was not significant, which indicated that the main source of QNs in groundwater was not surface water; 5the result of ecological risk indicated that the risk of QNs in surface water was high risk level; while the risk of QNs in groundwater was low risk level; 6the result of health risk showed that the risk of QNs in aquatic environment was low risk level. In general, the pollution level of QNs for surface water was more serious than groundwater in Shijiazhuang, and the most serious polluted area was Wangyang River.