中国工业过程大气铅排放特征

依据典型行业活动水平数据和排放因子,采用"自下而上"排放因子法构建了2000—2010年我国有色金属冶炼、钢铁冶炼、建筑材料生产和铅酸电池生产等工业生产过程大气铅(Pb)排放清单.结果显示,我国工业过程大气Pb排放呈逐年递增趋势,年均增长率为12.5%,2010年排放量高达14920.47t;有色金属冶炼过程为大气Pb的主要来源,比重高达66.7%,其中,铅冶炼过程对整个工业过程的Pb排放贡献达到29.0%.钢铁烧结过程大气Pb排放仅次于有色金属冶炼过程,排放贡献率达23.1%,其排放主要来源于粗钢冶炼.另外,由于产业集中度低和控制技术相对落后,导致建材生产行业和铅酸电池生产过程排放对周边的环境影响也不容忽视.受矿产资源分布不均及产业布局等因素影响,我国工业过程大气Pb排放地区分布差异明显,主要集中在湖南、河南、云南、河北和江西等省份.

Characteristics of atmospheric emission of lead from industrial processes in China

A "bottom-up" methodology based on emission factor was used to study atmospheric emission characteristics of lead (Pb) during industrial production processes in China. Based on the average emission factors and activity data of typical industries such as non-ferrous metal smelting, iron and steel manufacturing, construction materials production and lead-acid batteries production, atmospheric Pb emission inventory was built for the period 2000-2010. The results show that Pb emissions from industrial processes increase year by year, with an annual growth rate of 12.5%, and the annual emissions reach 14920.47 t in 2010. Non-ferrous metals smelting is the primary Pb emission source with a contribution of 66.7%, in which lead smelting account for 29.0% of the total. The emissions of iron and steel sintering process, mainly from crude steel smelting, rank second with a contribution of 23.1%. Moreover, because of low degree of industrial concentration and poor control technologies, the environmental effects of emissions from construction materials and lead-acid batteries production processes should also be given enough attention. Due to the uneven spatial distribution of mineral resources and industrial layout, Pb emissions from industrial processes have significant differences among regions and are mainly concentrated in Hunan, Henan, Yunnan, Hebei and Jiangxi Province.