成都市道路移动源排放清单与空间分布特征

以成都市为例开展了路网、交通流、道路行驶工况和机动车保有量等数据的收集工作,运用自下而上的方法,基于实测校正和本地化的IVE模型计算了不同区域机动车在高速路、主干道、次干道和支路的排放因子,应用GIS技术建立了1 km×1 km的成都市高时空分辨率道路移动源排放清单.结果表明,2016年成都市道路移动源CO、VOCs、NO_x、SO_2、PM_(10)和NH_3排放量分别为4.2×10~5、4.5×10~4、7.2×10~4、0.4×10~3、1.1×10~4和6.2×10~3t.CO排放主要贡献车型为小型客车、中型客车和大型客车,VOCs排放主要源于小型客车和摩托车,NOx和SO2排放主要产生于小型客车和重型货车,PM10排放主要贡献车型为重型货车,NH3排放主要由小型客车贡献.污染物排放量空间分布呈现出由城市中心向卫星城市、远郊区递减趋势,中心城区和二圈层区域路网密集,排放呈片状分布,三圈层则呈带状分布.排放清单机动车技术分布数据可靠性较高,而交通流数据和排放因子存在一定不确定性.

On-road mobile source emission inventory and spatial distribution characteristics in Chengdu

Data in the aspects of road network, traffic flow, driving condition, and vehicle population were collected in Chengdu. Based on the actual calibration and localization IVE model and bottom-up approach, the emission factors of vehicles on highways, primary roads, secondary roads, and residential roads in different areas were calculated and the on-road vehicle emission inventories with high temporal and spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km were developed with GIS technique. The result showed that the annual on-road mobile source emissions of CO, VOCs, NO_x, SO₂, PM₁₀ and NH₃ in Chengdu were 4.2×10⁵, 4.5×10⁴, 7.2×10⁴, 0.4×10³, 1.1×10⁴ and 6.2×10³ t in total respectively. Light-duty vehicles, medium-duty vehicles, and heavy-duty vehicles were the major contributors of CO emission, VOCs mainly came from light-duty vehicles and motorcycles, NO_x and SO₂ mainly came from light-duty vehicles and heavy-duty trucks, PM₁₀ mainly came from heavy-duty trucks, and light-duty vehicle emission was the main source of NH₃. As for the pollutant emission spatial distribution, it showed a decreasing trend from downtown to satellite cities and outer suburbs, i.e. the pollutant emissions were in sheet distribution in downtown and suburbs due to concentrated road network, and in strip distribution in outer suburbs. The technical distribution data of vehicles in emission inventories tend to be reliable, but uncertainties still exist in traffic flow data and emission factors.