火电行业清洁生产与末端治理技术对二氧化硫减排效果评估

为探明清洁生产技术在我国大气污染物削减中所起的作用,本文以火电行业为例,以SO_2作为特征污染物,对“清洁生产”和“末端治理”技术进行了筛选,建立了削污和减排效果分析模型,并收集火电行业的权威统计数据,计算了火电行业“清洁生产”技术削污量与“末端治理”技术减排量及两类技术各自削减量占比情况,研究了建国以来(1949—2013年)我国火电行业清洁生产技术削污效果和末端治理技术减排效果及其演变规律,并在此基础上提出政策建议.研究结果显示,以火电行业发电效率最低的低温低压发电技术为基准线,1949—2013年65年期间电力行业通过清洁生产技术累计实现SO_2削污量为4.94亿t,节约4940亿元的环保资金投入,削污率达到58.5%;2002—2013年12年期间电力行业末端治理技术累计实现SO_2减排量为1.10亿t,减排率为13.0%.

Evaluation of cleaner production and terminal control technology on pollution control in thermal power industry

Using SO₂ emissions from the thermal power industry as an example, this paper evaluated the effect of pollution reduction by the application of cleaner production technologies. Firstly, cleaner production and terminal control technologies used in the thermal power industry were screened, and an analytical model for effective evaluation of pollution abatement and emission reduction was established. The amounts of pollution reduced by cleaner production and terminal control technologies respectively were calculated by the model, and the corresponding contributions were further identified. The analysis results indicate that, using the low-temperature and low-pressure power generation technology (the lowest efficiency technology in the thermal power industry) as the baseline, 494 million tons of SO₂ (58.5%) emissions had been reduced from 1949 to 2013 in the power industry and 494 billion RMB fund investment had been saved. In addition, 110 million tons of SO₂ emissions (13.0%) were reduced by the application of terminal control technologies from 2002 to 2013 in the power industry.