中国生命周期参考数据库的建立方法与基础模型

缺乏完善的本地化LCA(Life Cycle Assessment)数据库是国内广泛开展LCA研究与应用的主要障碍.本文总结提出了建立中国生命周期参考数据库(Chinese Reference Life Cycle Database,CLCD)的基本方法,包括环境影响类型与物质名录的选择、单元过程清单数据的收集与审核、生命周期清单数据的建模与计算、CLCD数据库的建立等4个方面.按照上述方法,以电力、煤炭、燃油、运输等基础性产品为核心,初步建立了可扩展的中国基础工业系统的生命周期模型,收集了单元过程的全国平均清单数据,通过模型计算获得了这些基础性产品的生命周期清单数据,从而得到了CLCD基础数据库,为下一步扩展为更完善的CLCD数据库提供了方法与模型基础.

Method and basic model for development of Chinese reference life cycle database

The lacking of domestic LCA database was recognized as the primary obstacle to wide practice of LCA in China. Selection of fundamental products, establishment of their life cycle models and acquisition of inventory data are the key steps to develop a Chinese LCA database. In this paper, a four-step inventory method toward a Chinese LCA database was proposed, including selection of life cycle impact categories and substance nomenclature, collection of unit process inventory data sets, development of life cycle inventory data sets, and development of LCA database. Following the method, an expandable life cycle model of the fundamental industries in China was established, including fundamental products such as electricity, coal, fossil fuel and transportation. National average unit process inventory data were collected and life cycle inventory data were derived from the model, which constitute the so-called basic Chinese Reference Life Cycle Database (CLCD Basic). The method and the model will provide a basis for further development of a more comprehensive Chinese LCA database.