南极菲尔德斯半岛近岸海洋生物体有机锡污染状况

在南极地区已发现丁基锡污染,但有关苯基锡污染及有机锡在食物链中的传递等相关研究尚未见报道.为此,自2014年12月—2015年1月从南极菲尔德斯半岛周边采集了20种海洋生物共32个混合样品(即由多个同种生物个体混合而成),经甲醇/醋酸提取、四乙基硼化钠衍生和弗洛里硅土柱净化等过程处理后,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对样品中一丁基锡(MBT)、二丁基锡(DBT)、三丁基锡(TBT)、二苯基锡(DPhT)和三苯基锡(TPhT)进行测定,并讨论了不同有机锡化合物在食物链中的传递特征.结果表明:海藻、无脊椎动物、鱼类、海豹、鸟类中有机锡含量分别为n.d.~19.5、8.6~11.0、10.8、4.2~12.9、21.6~27.0 ng·g~(-1)(以Sn计,若未注明均以干重计),生物样品中TBT、DBT、TPhT、DPhT均有检出,而MBT均未检出;大型海藻对TBT、DBT有一定富集能力,且TBT一定程度上表现出随营养级生物放大效应;TBT和TPhT在食物链顶端含量最高,同时发现高营养级的生物具有排出部分有机锡的能力.

Organotin contamination in Marine Biota from the Fildes Peninsula coast, Antarctic

Butyltin compounds were found in limited areas in Antarctic, but there are no reports about the phenyltin contamination and organotin transfer across trophic levels in Antarctic marine food chains. Therefore, thirty-two pooled samples (pooled by a number of individuals of same species) of 20 marine biota species were collected from the Fildes Peninsula coast, Antarctic since December 2014 to January 2015. Extraction by methanol/acetic acid, derivatization by sodium tetraethylborate and purification by Florisil column were carried out before monobutyltin (MBT), dibutyltin (DBT), tributyltin (TBT), diphenyltin (DPhT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) in these samples were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The transmission characteristics of different organotin compounds along food chain were discussed. The concentration ranges of organotin in the seaweeds, invertebrates, fish, seals and birds were n.d.~19.5, 8.6~11.0, 10.8, 4.2~12.9 and 21.6~27.0 ng·g^-1(as Sn,dry weight, if not specified), respectively. TBT, DBT, DPhT and TPhT were detected in biological samples, whereas MBT was not detectable. Macroalgae had the bioconcentration ability for TBT and DBT, and TBT showed a certain extent biomagnification with the increase of the trophic level. The concentrations of TBT and TPhT were the highest in organisms at the top of the food chain. Meanwhile some organisms at high trophic level were found to be able to eliminate some organotins.