不同进口模式对我国出口产品碳足迹的影响——以木质橱柜为例

产品碳足迹及其绿色贸易壁垒的研究越来越得到重视,但另一方面,进口模式对碳足迹的影响研究尚不充分.本研究采用生命周期评价方法,对橱柜的国内加工阶段的碳排放、国外不同原材料生产阶段碳排放分别进行计算,并分析不同进口模式情景下上游原材料对橱柜整体碳足迹的影响.主要结论如下:1不同进口模式原材料碳排放差异较大:北欧的原材料碳排放高于中欧和美国,碳排放的主要来源材料为胶合板.2全球的原材料碳排放波动最大,最大原材料碳排放是最小原材料碳排放的7.26倍;美国的原材料碳排放波动最小;3不同进口模式对我国产品碳足迹的影响不同,从贡献结构上看,除了北欧最大碳排放进口模式和全球最大碳排放进口模式是外源型以外,其余模式的产品碳足迹来源皆为内源型,即主要贡献仍为国内加工阶段.4从减排潜力看贸易策略,减排潜力最大的是全球进口模式,为30%~52%,并建议转变北欧为其它进口模式,以寻求更大的减排空间.本文结论可服务于企业绿色采购策略中原材料减排潜力的发掘,以及国家贸易政策的制定.

Effects of different import patterns on the carbon footprint of Chinese export products: A case study on wooden cabinet

Significant research efforts have been paid recently on product carbon footprint and green trade barriers. However, the impacts of import patterns on the total carbon footprint are rarely reported. In this study, life cycle assessment method was adopted to calculate the carbon footprint of wooden cabinet, which includes both domestic "gate to gate" stage and imported raw material "cradle to gate" stages that may locate in different countries. Based on databases from on-site case and Simapro software, the impact of trading with different import patterns on the total carbon footprint were analyzed. Main findings of this paper includes: ① Large variances exist in carbon emissions of imported materials under different import patterns, e.g. those from North Europe is much larger than Central Europe and the United States. Among most of import patterns, the main source of carbon emission is plywood production; ② There are different fluctuation ranges in carbon emission of raw materials. The highest value of carbon emission under global import pattern is 7.26 times the minimum value, which may have a policy implication under carbon trade environment in the future; ③ The contribution structure of total carbon footprint is different under various import patterns. Except for the highest value scenarios of North Europe pattern and global pattern, the main contributor of product carbon footprint in all other scenarios is domestic "gate to gate" stage rather than imported "cradle to gate" stages; ④ This study suggests that future imported patterns should be chosen by considering the potential of carbon mitigation capacity. Global import pattern has the largest emission reduction potential of 30%~52%. Moreover, shifting from North Europe patterns to other import patterns can contribute for a larger emission reduction space. Results from this study provide information for enterprises in exploring a green purchasing strategy for their imported materials.