快速城市化对区域生态环境影响的时空过程及评价

综合景观生态学与地统计学方法,尝试构建基于"遥感(RS)数据分类→土地利用变化制图→景观格局分析→GIS地统计分析"的区域环境影响评价方法,定量研究了区域环境变化的时空变化特征.案例研究采用2000、2004和2006年遥感数据,监测快速城市化背景下连云港港湾地区城市用地扩张特征、盐田湿地损失、填海造地(港口扩建等)以及耕地退化等关键的区域环境变化,分析评价了区域景观格局特征和生态环境效应,进而评价了快速城市化背景下区域环境影响强度的时空分异.在城市规划和区域发展战略驱动下,整个区域环境影响强度分布及变化规律与城市扩张强度与方向基本一致,高环境影响强度区是受人类干扰最大、生态系统最脆弱以及环境被破坏程度最深的部分,也是当前和未来进行环境调控重点地区.

Methodology of regional environmental impact assessment based on landscape spatio-temporal analysis for rapid urbanization

Assessment of regional environmental conditions was improved integrating remote sensing classification,evaluation of land use change,landscape pattern analysis and geostatistics.This paper presents a case study analyzing spatial and temporal factors driving bay-area land use change for the rapid urbanization in Lianyungang City,a seaport in Jiangsu Province.By using Landsat TM/ETM images of the study area acquired in three different years(2000,2004 and 2006),we evaluated total area and annual rate of land use change from rural to urban.The land use change information derived from the remote sensing images was also used to analyze spatio-temporal changes of urban areas,salt field wetlands,shallow seas and farmland between 2000 and 2006.The results show that our improved method is effective in evaluating the evolution of landscape patterns and the ecological effect of rapid urbanization.Through analysis with geostatistics,we were able to quantitatively describe the intensity of changes in the regional environmental conditions.The study concludes that changes of regional environmental conditions were closely associated with rapid urban expansion driven by urban planning and development strategy.