济源市平原区农田重金属污染特征及综合风险评估

铅锌冶炼区农田重金属污染问题受到广泛关注.本研究通过区域调查和空间分析明确济源市东部平原区农田土壤-小麦重金属污染特征，应用富集因子、潜在生态风险指数法和Monte Carlo模拟方法评估区域土壤重金属生态风险以及小麦Cd和Pb健康风险.结果表明：土壤Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn平均含量分别为1.51、97.1、29.0和79.5 mg·kg^-1，均高于河南省土壤元素背景值.其中74.2%和10.8%的样点Cd、Pb含量分别超过农田土壤风险筛选值，61.3%和40.9%的样点小麦Cd、Pb含量分别超过国家食品安全限量标准.富集因子研究结果表明土壤Cd污染程度最高.高风险区主要分布在西南部、西北部和中东部以铅锌冶炼为主的工业区.健康风险评估结果显示研究区小麦Cd非致癌风险和致癌风险高于国际推荐安全值的概率分别高达27.5%和100%.济源市小麦田Cd、Pb累积显著，需引起当地有关部门足够关注.空间分析与风险评价结果相结合，可以有效辨识高风险区域，进而为研究区污染防治和管控提供理论依据.

Heavy metal pollution characteristics and comprehensive risk evaluation of farmland across the eastern plain of Jiyuan city

The contamination of heavy metals in upland field due to lead and zinc smelting is of great concern. In this study, a regional survey in the wheat field across the eastern plain of Jiyuan city, Northern China, was conducted to investigate the characteristics of heavy metals in soils and wheat grains. Based on the enrichment factor, potential ecological risk factor, the health risk assessment and Monte Carlo simulation method, the ecological risk of heavy metals in soil and the dietary Cd and Pb intake to consumers of locally harvested wheat grain were evaluated. Results showed that the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in soil average 1.51, 97.1, 29.0 and 79.5 mg·kg^-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than their respective background values in Henan province. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in soils exceeded the national standard values by 74.2% and 10.8%, respectively. And the concentrations of Cd and Pb in wheat grain exceeded the national food safety limit standard values by 61.3% and 40.9%, respectively. Enrichment factors of heavy metals showed that the soil was extremely enriched in Cd. The high-risk areas were mainly distributed in the industrial areas in the southwest, northwest and mid-east regions, which are dominated by lead and zinc smelting. Health risk assessment results showed that the probability of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk of Cd in wheat was higher than the international recommended safety value by 27.5% and 100%, respectively. The accumulation of Cd and Pb in the wheat field of Jiyuan City is significant, which needs to be paid enough attention by the relevant departments. The combination of spatial analysis and risk assessment provides an effective risk-based approach for safer crop practices.