浑河中游沈阳区域水污染控制与治理的难点和关键技术——“浑河中游水污染控制与水环境综合整治技术集成与示范”专栏序言

针对浑河中游沈阳区域工业园区难生物降解制药废水处理、污泥处理处置、城市河流水环境的湿地净化,以及水环境评价和污染源解析等问题,国家科技重大水专项浑河中游课题开展了大量研究.为了提高制药园区废水可生化性、优选物化预处理工艺技术,选取典型污染物乙酰氨基酚作为处理对象,研究其物化预处理过程中的转化规律与机理;针对污泥安全处理处置和资源化利用难题,研发生物干化技术和利用沸石减少温室气体排放和氮素损失的技术;针对复合型人工湿地效率提升需求,研究潮汐流-潜流组合工艺系统中不同单元的菌群功能特征;为科学制定河流治理技术策略,研究形成主成分分析、聚类分析、三维荧光光谱等河流水环境特色研究方法,并在其他流域如武水河进行应用.这些技术难点和关键技术研究,不仅支持了浑河中游水污染控制与治理,也可为当前流域区域水环境治理提供借鉴.

Key issues and technologies of water pollution control and management in Shenyang area of the middle reaches of Hunhe River

In response to the issues of difficult biodegradable pharmaceutical wastewater treatment from industrial park, sludge treatment and disposal, wetland purification of urban river water environment, water environment assessment and pollution source identification in Shenyang of the middle reaches of the Hunhe River, the project for the middle reaches of the Hunhe River under the National Major Scientific and Technological Program for Water Pollution Control and Governance has carried out a number of studies. In order to improve the biodegradability of wastewater from pharmaceutical parks and optimize the physicochemical pretreatment technology, the typical pollutant acetaminophen was selected as the treatment object to study the transformation laws and mechanisms; and for the safe disposal and resource utilization of sludge, bio-drying technology of sludge and greenhouse gas emission and nitrogen loss reduction technologies during sludge treatment by using zeolite were developed; aiming at the efficiency improvement of composite constructed wetlands, the functional bacterial community in different units of tidal flow-subsurface flow combined wetland system was characterized; in order to formulate scientific strategy for river management, characteristic research methods like principal components analysis, cluster analysis, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and others were studied, and applied to other river basin such as Wushuihe River. The researches of these technical issues and key technologies not only support water pollution control and management in the middle reaches of the Hunhe River, but also provide references for the current regional water environmental governance.