淮河干流及主要支流夏季浮游植物群落生物多样性评价

浮游植物是水生态系统的重要组成部分,其群落变化与水体环境条件密切相关,是反映河流健康的主要生物指标.为揭示淮河流域浮游植物群落特征及其与水质的相互关系,于2015年夏季对淮河流域典型水体—淮河干流、沙颍河、涡河和淠河进行系统的水质及浮游植物调查,探明浮游植物群落及其空间分布特征,并结合水体理化指标和生物指数进行水质评价.结果表明,淮河干流及主要支流27个点位中共获得浮游植物8门71属153种,主要隶属于绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)、蓝藻门(Cyanophyta).浮游植物密度为0.019×10~5~131.824×10~5ind·L~(-1),不同河段浮游植物分布表现出较为显著的空间差异性,平均密度大小呈现沙颖河淮河干流涡河淠河的特点.非参数多维尺度分析(Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling,NMDS)表明,淮河干流、淠河和涡河的浮游植物群落组成和结构的相似性较高,而与沙颍河的浮游植物群落存在一定的差异.Shannon多样性指数H'介于0.78~3.21之间,Margalef丰富度指数D介于1.03~4.79之间,Pielou均匀度指数J介于0.12~0.73之间.水质生物评价结果显示,淮河流域大部分水体处于中等污染状况,部分点位处于重污染状况,其结果与水质综合污染指数评价结果具有较好的一致性.研究结果可为淮河水污染防治和水生态修复提供基础依据.

The biodiversity assessment of phytoplankton community in summer within main stream and tributary of Huaihe River

Phytoplankton plays a crucial role in primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems. It is an important indicator of water quality. In order to reveal the relationship between the phytoplankton community and the water quality of the Huaihe River basin, the physical and chemical indicators and phytoplankton community characteristics of the spatial distribution in 27 sampling sites from the typical reaches of Huaihe River basin were investigated in August 2015. A total of 153 phytoplankton species were identified, which belong to 8 divisions and 71 genera, the communities were all dominated by Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cyanophyta. The density of the phytoplankton ranged between 0.019×10⁵ ind·L^-1 to 131.824×10⁵ ind·L^-1. The different phytoplankton abundance at each site is significant. The mean density of phytoplankton in different river showed Shayinghe River > main stream of Huaihe River > Guohe River > Pihe River. Distribution of phytoplankton showed more significant spatial heterogeneity, based on different sites of phytoplankton communities the NMDS figure show that there are small differences among the main stream of Huaihe River, Pihe River and Guohe River, but a greater difference with Shayinghe River. Shannon-wiener indexes of phytoplankton were from 0.78 to 3.21, Margalef and Pielou indexes were from 1.03 to 4.79 and 0.12 to 0.73. Water quality bioassessment results show that most of the Huaihe River water quality has medium pollution levels, some places with pollution. The results are consistent with the water quality comprehensive pollution index. Research results can control of water pollution of Huaihe River and water ecological restoration.