东北典型林区土壤黑碳分布特征及影响因素

以长白山、小兴安岭和大兴安岭三大东北林区为研究对象,研究了各区域森林土壤的黑碳含量和密度等分布特征,并对比林型、地形和火烧强度等研究结果,探讨了上述因素对黑碳分布特征的影响.研究表明,东北森林土壤的黑碳分布在垂直方向上差异显著,表现为表层(A11层)亚表层(A1 2层)(p0.01),3个区域内表层土壤黑碳含量大小表现为:大兴安岭长白山小兴安岭,黑碳密度大小为:长白山大兴安岭小兴安岭.长白山林区不同林型的黑碳含量和密度存在明显差异,杨桦次生林显著高于原始阔叶红松林(p0.01);小兴安岭林区,同一土层不同坡位土壤黑碳含量和密度均表现为:下坡上坡(p0.01),不同坡向均表现为:阳坡阴坡(p0.05);不同火烧强度下大兴安岭森林土壤黑碳含量和密度也有差异:对照轻度火烧中度火烧重度火烧,且对照与中度、重度火烧强度间均差异显著(p0.01).综上可知,林型、坡位和火烧强度是影响东北森林土壤黑碳分布的重要因素,但各林区主控因素不同.

Distribution characteristics and influence factors of soil black carbon of typical forest areas in northeast China

Based on three forest areas in northeast China, including Changbai Mountain, Lesser Hinggan and Greater Hinggan, the distribution characteristics (contents and densities) of soil black carbon in the forest areas above were studied. By comparing the results of different forest type, topography and fire intensity, the effects of the factors above on distribution characteristics of black carbon were discussed. The results showed that, the differences in black carbon vertical distribution of forest soils in northeast China were significant, and A₁₁ horizon was higher than A₁₂ (p<0.01). The order of black carbon contents for surface soils was Greater Hinggan> Changbai Mountain> Lesser Hinggan, the order of black carbon densities was Changbai Mountain> Greater Hinggan> Lesser Hinggan. For different forest types of Changbai Mountain forest area, there were significant differences in black carbon contents and densities, and the results of Polar-birch Secondary Forest were significantly higher than those of primitive broad-leaved pine forest (p<0.01). For Lesser Hinggan forest area, black carbon contents and densities of different slope positions in the same horizon were shown as follows:downslope>upslope (p<0.01), for different slope aspect were sunny slpoe> shady slope (p>0.05). For different fire intensity, there also were significant differences in black carbon contents and densities of Greater Hinggan, and the order was the controlp<0.01). Therefore, forest type, topography and fire intensity are all the important influence factors to black carbon distribution, however the main control factors of each forest area are different.