我国24个典型饮用水源地中14种酚类化合物浓度分布特征

研究了14种酚类化合物在我国五大流域(黄河、海河、辽河、长江、淮河)24个典型饮用水源地水源水中的浓度水平.结果显示:14种酚类化合物在我国饮用水源地中的浓度在nd～213 ng·L-1范围内,浓度均值在2.44～31.2 ng·L-1范围内,浓度中位数在nd～40.0 ng·L-1范围内.14种酚类化合物中,硝基苯酚类化合物浓度最高,浓度中位数为37.9 ng·L-1,浓度平均值为27.4 ng·L-1.其次为苯酚、五氯酚、二氯苯酚(2,4-二氯苯酚和2,6-二氯苯酚)和三氯苯酚(2,4,6-三氯苯酚和2,4,5-三氯苯酚);四氯苯酚(2,3,5,6-四氯苯酚、2,3,4,6-四氯苯酚、2,3,4,5-四氯苯酚)和烷基苯酚(邻甲基苯酚、间甲基苯酚和对甲基苯酚)浓度较低.通过商值法对14种酚类化合物进行生态风险评价后发现,14种酚类化合物的风险商均远小于1,表明其对我国饮用水源地的生态风险较低.对8种已报道健康参考剂量或致癌斜率因子的酚类化合物进行健康风险评价,结果显示,7种酚类化合物的最大非致癌风险在10-6到10-4范围内,2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚的致癌风险在10-6量级以下,表明其健康危害较弱.

Occurrence of 14 phenols in 24 typical drinking water sources of China

In this paper, the levels of 14 kinds of phenols were investigated in drinking water sources collected from five major watersheds of China. The results suggested that the concentrations of 14 kinds of phenols were in the range of nd~213 ng·L^-1 with mean concentrations of 2.44~31.2 ng·L^-1 and median concentrations of nd~40.0 ng·L^-1. Nitrophenols was the most predominantspecies with the median concentration of 37.9 ng·L^-1and mean concentration of 27.4 ng·L^-1.The concentrations of phenol,pentachlorophenol, dichlorophenols (2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol), and trichlorophenol (2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol) were just below nitrophenols, and the concentrations of tetrachlorophenols(2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol,2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol,2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol)and alkylphenols (2-cresol, 3-cresol, 4-cresol) were in the lowest level. The ecological risks of 14 kinds of phenols were also investigated by hazard quotients, and the results indicated that they were in a very low level. The health risks of 8 kinds of phenols with reference doses or slop factors reported were also investigated. The non-carcinogenic risks of 7 phenols were below the range of 10^-4 to 10^-6, and the carcinogenic risks of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol werebelow 10^-6, which were in the negligible levels.