基于生态足迹的三峡库区重庆段后续发展生态补偿标准量化研究

生态足迹思想被引入我国后,受到了许多学者的关注,结合生态系统服务价值相关理论,可以量化生态补偿标准.本文以重庆三峡库区为研究对象,通过基于"省公顷"的模型改进方法修正模型,计算生态足迹与生态承载力,得到其空间分异特征,引入生态系统服务价值,构建基于生态足迹的三峡库区后续发展生态补偿标准模型,并计算各个区县的生态补偿标准,与其他大型库区的生态补偿结果进行对比.研究结果表明:在2010—2016年,重庆三峡库区的平均生态足迹为34586160.120 hm~2,平均生态承载力为6664208.176 hm~2,通过对重庆段的所有区县进行生态安全判断,发现全部都是处于不安全状态,需要进行生态补偿.整体上,生态补偿需补偿约54.92亿元.而人均补偿额度小于100元的有大渡口区、奉节县、石柱县、巫山县、巫溪县、云阳县和忠县7个区县,在100～200元有长寿区、丰都县、开州区和武隆区4个区县,在200～300元的有巴南区和北碚区2个区县,在300～400元的有万州区、江北区、江津区、涪陵区和南岸区5个区县,大于400元的有沙坪坝区、渝中区、渝北区和九龙坡区4个区县.随着经济发展,必定会带来生态足迹与生态承载力的改变,生态补偿额度也会相应的增加.

Quantitative study on the ecological compensation standard of the follow-up development of the Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing based on the ecological footprint

Since introduction of the idea of ecological footprint into China, many scholars have concerned about it because a combination of ecological footprint with the theory of ecosystem service value can quantify the ecological compensation standard. This paper takes the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing as the research object, a revised model that is modified through the improved method of correction model based on "pha" is applied to calculate the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity to depict the spatial differentiation characteristics. Then, ecosystem service value is introduced to construct the ecological compensation standard model of follow-up development of Three Gorges Reservoir area based on ecological footprint, and to estimate the ecological compensation standard in each district and county. These results of ecological compensation are compared with those for other large reservoir areas. The results reveal that during 2010-2016, the average ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Three Gorges Reservoir Area in Chongqing were 34586160.120 hm² and 6664208.176 hm², respectively. After judging the ecological security of all the districts and counties in the Chongqing section, it can be seen that all of them were in a state of insecurity and required ecological compensation. On the whole, ecological compensation should be invested with 5.492 billion yuan. The regions with per capita compensation less than 100 yuan include Dadukou District, Fengjie County, Shizhu County, Wushan County, Wuxi County, Yunyang County and Zhongxian County; those with per capita compensation from 100 yuan to 200 yuan include Changshou district, Fengdu County, Kaizhou District and Wulong District; those with per capita compensation from 200 yuan to 300 yuan include Banan District and Beibei District; those with per capita compensation from 300 yuan to 400 yuan include Wanzhou District, Jiangbei District, Jiangjin District, Fuling district and Nan''an District.; those with per capita compensation more than 400 yuan include Shapingba, Yuzhong, Yubei District and Jiulongpo District. It is plausible to expect that the development of the economy will promote the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity thus increasing the ecological compensation standard correspondingly.