河流污染类型优控顺序确定方法及其在海河流域的应用

建立河流污染类型优控顺序方法并将其应用于海河流域,结合海河流域主要河流站点水质监测数据和沉积物分析数据,对各水系河流的耗氧污染、富营养化及沉积物重金属污染状况进行整体评估,确定海河流域河流污染优先控制顺序.结果表明,海河流域有36%河长耗氧污染严重,重污染河流主要分布在黑龙港运东水系、子牙河水系和徒骇马颊河水系,重度污染河长比例分别为100%、54%和68%.重度富营养化河流主要分布在子牙河水系、北三河水系(北运河、潮白河、蓟运河)和徒骇马颊河水系,重度污染河长比例分别为50.0%、52.3%和39.7%;沉积物重金属生态风险普遍较低,子牙河水系、滦河水系和漳卫河水系重度污染河长比例分别为26.5%、21.6%和28.0%.海河流域河流中度以上的耗氧污染、富营养化及重金属污染河长分别为8203 km、6927 km和6733 km,由此确定流域河流污染优控顺序应该是首先关注耗氧污染,然后再控制河流富营养化,最后再治理重金属污染.分水系优控顺序研究表明永定河水系、大清河水系、黑龙港运东水系、子牙河水系和徒骇马颊河水系主要面临耗氧污染问题;北三河水系应首先控制富营养化;滦河水系、海河干流和漳卫河水系应关注沉积物重金属污染.

Methodology for priority control sequence of river water pollution mitigation and its application in the Haihe River Basin

Methodology for priority control sequence of river pollution control has been established and then applied in the Haihe Rvier Basin. By assessing oxygen consumption, eutrophication of river water, and ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment, the priority control sequence of river pollution in the Haihe Rvier Basin was promoted. The results showed that about 36% of the total river length had a severe pollution of oxygen depletion, which mainly distributed in the Heilonggang, Ziya, and Tuhaimajia River System, with the percentage of 100, 54, and 68, respectively. While eutrophication occurred 50%, 52.3% and 39.7% for Ziya River System, Beisan Rvier System (the North Canal, Chaobai River and Jiyun River) and Tuhaimajia River System, respectively. The ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediment for the Haihe River Basin was low, but was severe for Ziya River System, Luan River System and Zhangwei River System, accounting for 26.5%, 21.6% and 28.0% respectively. The total river length that above moderate pollution for oxygen depletion, eutrophication, and ecological risk in the Haihe River Basin was 8203 km, 6927 km and 6733 km, respectively, posing that the priority control sequence of the Haihe River Basin was oxygen consumption controlling firstly, then eutrophication mitigation, followed by ecological risk preventing. As for sub-river-systems, oxygen depletion was still the primary pollution for Yongding, Daqing, Heilonggang, Ziya, and Tuhaimajia River System, while the mitigation of river eutrophication should be addressed first for Beisan River System. As for Luan, Haihe (main watercourse) and Zhangwei River System, heavy metal pollution control should be the first to take into account.