长三角地区秸秆焚烧污染物排放清单及其在重霾污染天气模拟中的应用

根据2008年长三角地区江苏、安徽、浙江3省各地级市及上海市水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜4种农作物的年产量,结合谷草比、秸秆焚烧比例及排放因子建立了长三角地区秸秆焚烧大气污染物排放清单.结果表明：长三角地区秸秆焚烧产生的PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NOx、CO、EC、OC分别为36.8×104、14.4×104、1.5×104、9.2×104、20.8×104、2.6×104、12.2×104t.秸秆焚烧污染物排放量较大的区域主要集中在江苏中北部和安徽北部.在区域大气环境模拟系统RegAEMS中考虑秸秆焚烧源的影响,针对2008年10月底江苏一次重霾污染天气事件进行模拟,发现考虑秸秆焚烧源后模拟结果有较大的改善.秸秆焚烧可以导致区域PM10、CO浓度上升30%以上,黑碳和有机物的消光贡献明显增强.区域输送研究表明,苏中地区、外省秸秆焚烧排放源对此次重霾污染的贡献分别达到32.4%、33.3%.

An emission inventory of air pollutants from crop residue burning in Yangtze River Delta Region and its application in simulation of a heavy haze weather process

An emission inventory of air pollutant from crop residue burning over Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Shanghai in Yangtze River Delta Region in the year 2008 was developed, based on the data of crops including the production of rice, wheat, corn and rape in each prefecture-level city, the mass ratio of crop residue to grain, and the emission factors of crop residue burning. Emissions from crop residue burning over Yangtze River Delta Region were 36.8×10⁴ t for PM₁₀, 14.4×10⁴ t for PM_2.5, 1.5×10⁴ t for SO₂, 9.2×10⁴ t for NO_x, 20.8×10⁴ t for CO, 2.6×10⁴ t for EC, and 12.2×10⁴ t for OC. The larger emissions were mainly in the middle and north of Jiangsu province and the north of Anhui province. In addition, a heavy haze episode caused by crop residue burning at the end of October, 2008 was simulated with Regional Atmospheric Environment Modeling System (RegAEMS) coupled with the crop residue emission inventory. Modeling results showed that when including the crop residue emissions, the simulations agreed with the observations much better. Besides, the concentrations of PM₁₀ and CO increased by over 30%, and the contributions from the extinction of black carbon and organic matters increased significantly due to crop residue burning. Crop residue burning in the middle of Jiangsu province and that outside the province most affected this haze pollution, with the contributions of 32.4% and 33.3%, respectively.